Healthy Mother and Child

Question 1

What are the direct causes of Maternal Mortality?

Answer 1

Thromboembolism

Obstetric hemorrhage

Ammonitic fluid embolism

Hypotensive disorders

Question 2

What are the indirect causes of Maternal Mortality?

Answer 2

Cardiovascular problems

Non-obstetric hemorrhage

Question 3

Maternal deaths have decreased signficantly over the past 80yrs. Why?

Answer 3

Contraception has allowed for spacing between births

Maternal education –> better nutrition –> better health of mothers before pregnancy

Beter maternal/obstetric/antenatal/ postnatal care

Question 4

What are the reasons for increased concern that maternal mortality may rise?

Answer 4

Older mums

Obesity –> complications and neonatal consequences.

Question 5

What are the top three causes of infant mortality?

Answer 5

Perinatal conditions (pre-term birth deaths)

Congenital abnormalities

Other (SIDS)

Question 6

Why have infant mortality rates improved?

Answer 6

Screening

Vaccination

Child spacing

Maternal education

Breast feeding > bottle feeding

Living standards

Antibiotics and medical advances

Quality standard care for birthing conditions and infant health services.

Question 7

Episiotomy

Answer 7

is a cut (incision) through the area between your vaginal opening and your anus. This area is called the perineum. This procedure is done to make your vaginal opening larger for childbirth.

Question 8

Explain the public and private provision of Antental care in Australia

Answer 8

Public
Antental clinic
Birthing centre
GP

Private
GP
Obstetrician
Independent midwife

Question 9

What are the five components of Antenatal care?

Answer 9

Pregnancy Surveillance

Education

Preventive interventions

Early recognition and management of pregnancy -related problems

Management of pre-existing medical problems

Question 10

What is involved in pregnancy surveillance?

Answer 10

confirming dates (gestational age)

Dealing with common symptoms

Monitoring the growth and wellbeing of the baby

Checking fetal position

Delivery planning

Question 11

What Preventative interventions are taken in Australia as antenatal care?

Answer 11

Maternal smoking, diet and alcohol

Offering folic acid (pre-conception)

Checking baby Hb and blood group (anti-D if Rh negative)

Question 12

What is done in universal neonatal screening?

Answer 12

Physical exam (abnormalities) and heel prick test (genetic disorders)

Question 13

Describe modern Postnatal follow ups

Answer 13

Demonstares transfer of care as mothers now have short hospital stays leaving education and care to the community.

Universal Postnatal contact services contact mother within 10 days of discharge

Question 14

When is the formal postnatal check completed?

Answer 14

6 weeks postpartum.

Question 15

What is checked in Formal Postnatal check?

Answer 15

Mother
Physical recovery, coping and mood (PND), breastfeeding, parenting skills and contraception needs.

Baby
Growth and development, feeding, congenital abnormalities and vaccines.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the 3-4 yr old Health Check and what do they check for?

Answer 16

check child developing properly physically and mentally (before attending school)

Checks

Vision

Weight and height

Obvious dental problems

Social development

Gross and fine motor skills

Question 17

What are the clinical features of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 17

Small eyes

Thin upper lip

Smooth philtrum

Neurodevelopment impairment

Question 18

What are the issues in diagnosing Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 18

stigma
criticism of parents

Question 19

What does a diagnosis of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder allow for?

Answer 19

access to special schooling

Understanding child’s behaviors and needs