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AY13 Sociology - Crime and Deviance > Patterns of Crime > Flashcards

Patterns of Crime Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ collect crime stats and the _____ _____ publishes them every __ months.
These can be called _____ ________ as they only show _______ crimes.

A

a) police
b) Home Office
c) 6
d) social constructions
e) reported

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2
Q

PERSPECTIVES

What is the POSITIVIST perspective on patterns of crime?

A

Early sociological theories on crime & deviance (particularly ones influenced by functionalism) were based on an uncritical acceptance of the accuracy of criminal statistics.

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3
Q

PERSPECTIVES

INTERPRETIVIST perspective = ________ view rejects _______ of __________ & instead _________ on _________ how they’re _______________.

A

a) labelling
b) accuracy
c) crime statistics
d) concentrates
e) socially constructed

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4
Q

PERSPECTIVES

What is the MARXIST perspective on patterns of crime?
2

A

The law & its enforcements reflect ruling-class interests as crimes of the poor are emphasised, whereas immoral activities of the rich are ignored/not defined as criminal.

Statistics reflect these inequalities & use of scapegoating.

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5
Q

PERSPECTIVES

What is the FEMINIST perspective on the patterns of crime?

A

Crime statistics don’t reflect crime against women which often occur in a domestic setting where police are reluctant to get involved.
Many women don’t feel like they can report these crimes.

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6
Q

PERSPECTIVES

LATE MODERN perspective = In _______, governments _________ & ________ crime so most ________ it was _________.
In _________, there’s more _______ so governments ______ in ___________ to get _______ on crime to better _______ the _____.

A

a) modernity, controlled, punished, believed, controlled

b) late modernity, uncertainty, engage, risk management, statistics, manage, risk

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7
Q

PERSPECTIVES

LEFT REALISTS see crime as a ____________, especially for the ______.
They favour _______________ in ______ areas as they reveal the _____ for people’s _______ fear of ______.

A

a) genuine problem, poor

b) detailed victim surveys, local, basis, genuine, crime

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8
Q

METHODS

What is CSEW?

A

Crime statistics for England and Wales

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9
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - what reasons make people LESS likely to report crime?

(5)

A 
May be seen as unimportant by police
Personal nature of the crime
Embarrassment
Victim may not be in a position to give info
Fear reprisals
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10
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - what reasons make people MORE likely to report crime?

(2)

A

Personal benefit, eg insurance claim.

Faith in police to achieve a positive result.

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11
Q

METHODS

Official statistics
20__, __% of crimes were not ________.
___% of crimes don’t make it to _____.

A

a) 2013, 57%, reported

b) 80%, court

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12
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - according to Marxists, why don’t the police record everything?
5

A 
Crime isn’t seen as serious enough.
Police bias.
Victim's social status.
Some officers are driven by promotion.
Classification of complaint.
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13
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - which crimes are not covered by the CSEW?
5

A 
Crimes with no specific victim.
Crimes where victim is a business.
Crimes with no victim to interview.
Sex crimes.
Fraud & cybercrime.
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14
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - why do courts misrepresent crimes?

A

Plea-bargaining

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15
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - __% _____ pleas in UK, meaning ______ crimes can go _________ - admitting you’ve done something wrong ______ a less _______ sentence.

A

a) 75%
b) guilty
c) serious
d) unpunished
e) enables
f) serious

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16
Q

METHODS

Official statistics - how does the role of the government/police force interfere with police statistics? (2)

A

Laws & police response change depending on social attitudes at the time.

It looks like cannabis cases have decreased, but the police force is becoming more tolerant of it.

17
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - what are the strengths of victim surveys?
2

A

Overcomes significant proportion of offences not recorded by police.

Illustrates extent & pattern of victimisation which is missed from official accounts.

18
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - what is the British Crime Survey known for?

A

Being the best known victimisation study.

19
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - what are the weaknesses of victim surveys?
4

A

Recollections might be faulty.
Categorisation of crime is done by person filling in survey, creating inaccuracies.
Despite being anonymous, people under-report sexual assault.
BCS doesn’t collect info under 16s.

20
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - what is good about local victim surveys?

A

BCS doesn’t provide info about certain areas, leading to detailed studies of crime focusing on certain areas with info on specific local problems.

21
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - what is an example of a local victim survey and what did it show?

A

Islington Crime Survey showed BCS underreported high levels of victimisation on minority ethnicities & domestic violence.

22
Q

METHODS

Victim surveys - how does the media contribute to victim surveys?

A

Victim surveys are dependent on people knowing they’re victims & media depicts crime & sensitises people towards activity viewed as worth reporting.

23
Q

METHODS

Self report studies - what are weaknesses of self-report studies? (3)

A

Validity - people may lie, exaggerate or be mistaken.
Representativeness - most are on young people.
Relevance - majority of crimes uncovered are trivial.

24
Q

METHODS

Data explosion & risk on society - How has information come to be gathered on wider aspects of crime?

(4)

A

Unreported & unrecorded offences.
Specialist subcategories of crime.
Hidden crime (eg, white collar crime).
Victim perspectives.

25
Q

METHODS

Data explosion and risk on society - what is the reason for this?

A

Changes in late modernity - govts collect statistics to better manage the risk.

26
Q

METHODS

Data explosion and risk on society - governments participate in responsibilisation. What is this?

A

Part of risk management is to push responsibility for avoiding victims onto individuals.

27
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of offences - what are they?
Give examples.

A

Property crime - theft 62% of crime in 2000 (BCS).

Violent crime - 20% of BCS reported crime

28
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of victims - who are they?
Give examples.

A

Victims of violence - young males, mostly unemployed.

Victims of property crime - low-income households in poor areas.

Repeat victimisation - 20% of house burglaries experienced it more than once.

29
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of victims - who does crime target?

A

The poor and less powerful.

30
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of victims - who does violent crime tend to happen?

A

People that know eachother.

31
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of offenders - who are the most likely types of offenders?

A

Young and male

32
Q

PATTERNS OF OFFENDING

Types of offenders - what is the peak age for men and women to commit crime?

A

Men 18

Women 14

AY13 Sociology - Crime and Deviance (20 decks)

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