Left Realism (New Criminology)

Question 1

What do left realists focus on?

Answer 1

Finding a causal explanation for crime, looking at the individual & what could have led them to commit crime.

Question 2

What did left realism stem from?

Answer 2

Jack Young - a new criminologist until he realised criminals are victims of capitalism & must be considered.

Question 3

What is criminogenic?

Answer 3

Capitalism

Question 4

What is capitalism considered to be?

Answer 4

Criminogenic

Question 5

Causes of criminality - what are the 3 causes of crime that left realists found?

Answer 5

Marginalisation
Relative deprivation
Subcultures

Question 6

Causes of criminality - give evidence of how marginalisation is a cause of crime?
(2)

Answer 6

Gibbs & Merghi - the black community are marginalised regarding poverty, housing, education & jobs.

It leads to anger & frustration or the ‘frustration aggression hypothesis’.

Question 7

Causes of criminality - how is relative deprivation a cause of crime?
(2)

Answer 7

Some people are in more relatively deprived areas than others, leading to a sense of injustice & resentment.

Lea & Young - ethnic minorities feel resentment due to relative deprivation as they feel there’s biased policing in their community.

Question 8

Causes of criminality - how are subcultures a cause of crime?
(2)

Answer 8

Groups of young people, often ethnic minorities, form subcultural groups in inner-city areas.

Messner & Golden - where racial discrimination existed, deep violent subcultures flourished.

Question 9

Solutions to crime - what are 5 solutions to crime put forward by left realists?

Answer 9

Community policing
Community centres
Community cohesion
Multi-agency partnerships
Community supports

Question 10

Solutions to crime - how community policing is a solution to crime:
Being ________ to ________ & _____ and being _______ of different _______ & ____________.
Building __________ will encourage ______ & the ________ to report _____ & provide ______. Without this, police can’t ______ the main ______: the __________.
________________ may be seen as a part of this _______.

Answer 10

a) responsive, local needs, crimes, tolerant, lifestyles, ethnic minorities
b) public confidence, victims, community, crime, leads, protect, victims, working-class
c) Safer Neighbourhood Teams, process

Question 11

Solutions to crime - how community centres can be a solution to crime:
Improving \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (eg \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) can tackle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and other \_\_\_\_\_ factors for \_\_\_\_\_ as it diverts \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from choosing \_\_\_\_\_, as well as reducing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and improving \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 11

a) community facilities
b) youth leisure activities
c) social deprivation
d) risk
e) crime
f) potential offenders
g) crime
h) unemployment
i) housing

Question 12

Solutions to crime - how community cohesion can be a solution to crime:
Building ______ community cohesion enables ______ to develop more __________ over ________ and work out __________ to ________ problems.

Answer 12

a) strong
b) police
c) informal controls
d) behaviour
e) local solutions
f) local crime

Question 13

Solutions to crime - how community support can be a solution to crime:
Intensive ___________ and early ________ through ________ like _____________ to help get children in the _______ families off to a _________ in life by providing ___________, _______, ______ and _______ support.

Answer 13

a) parenting support
b) intervention
c) strategies
d) Sure Start children centres
e) poorest
f) better start
g) early-years education, childcare, health and parental support

Question 14

Solutions to crime - how are multi-agency partnerships support seen as a solution to crime?

Answer 14

Multi-agency working (such as Community Safety Partnerships) where a variety of agencies (eg the police, local council and health & probation services) work together with locals to tackle crime, rather than relying on the police and CJS.