Ethnicity Flashcards
Stats - 20__-20__, _____ ______ found that _____ people were __ times more likely to be _______ and _______ than _____ people.
a) 2001-2002
b) Home Office
c) black
d) 8
e) stopped
f) searched
g) white
Stats - ______ _________ are ____ likely to be ______ of _____.
a) ethnic minorities
b) more
c) victims
d) crime
Stats - _____ men are _____ likely to receive a _______ sentence for a ______ offence, and to receive a _______ sentence for it.
a) black
b) more
c) custodial
d) similar
e) longer
Prison rates - ethnic minorities are ____________ in ______.
a) overrepresented
b) prisons
Prison rates - what percentage of the total prison population do black british prisoners form?
How does this compare to what would be expected in terms of their presence in the population?
19%
7 times higher
Prison rates - what do self-report studies suggest?
Why are these contentious?
Ethnic minorities have lower rates of offending.
Social desirability bias and sampling access to these communities.
Reasons from theory - explain police targets as a reasoning for higher crimes rates amongst EMs.
Police target black people for crime due to subconscious bias & target white people when casually policing.
Reasons from theory - explain diversity of areas as a reason for higher crimes rates amongst EMs.
Police are more likely to police deprived areas.
Ethnic minorities make up a large proportion of the underclass - strain theory suggests they don’t trust the police which could lead to more crime.
Reasons from theory - institutional racism is a reason for higher crimes rates amongst EMs as it _______ how people _______ with __________.
It affects how people interact with stereotypes
Reasons from theory - how social theory explains higher crimes rates amongst EM:
________ theory & ________ are the ______ of our ________.
When people see _____ who have been ________ negatively in the _____, people _____ & apply the __________.
a) labelling
b) moral panics
c) culture
d) institutions
e) others
f) labelled
g) media
h) panic
i) master label
Reasons from theory - explain subcultures as a reason for higher crimes rates amongst EMs.
They’re created due to social isolation within mainstream society.
Retreatist subcultures = people who’ve rejected society & retreated from it.
Innovative subcultures = people using their skills in bad ways.
Why is it hard to investigate whether the CJS is racist?
There would need to be more self-report studies and other comparable data to make a judgement.
This is not available which provides methodological problems.
Role of the Police - Reiner (1989) outline police racism can be _________, _______ or _______:
I = ________ officers may _________.
C = Their ______ can be affected by ‘_______ ______’.
S= ________ content of police _______ means __________ crime goes _________.
a) individual, cultural or structural:
b) individual
c) discriminate
d) actions
e) ‘canteen culture’
f) structural
g) activity
h) white collar
i) unnoticed
Role of the Police - who outlined that police racism can be individual, cultural or structural?
Reiner (1989)
EVIDENCE for Institutional Racism - Stephen Lawrence case:
Murdered in 19___.
_____ first thought it was ‘another _______ gone wrong in the ____ community’.
Interviews with _____ ______ done _____ - later ________ to make a ________.
____________ (20__) = _________ racism & _________ of blacks in ‘_________’ at blame.
_________ started keeping ____ on EM criminality & _________ to monitor _______ on _______.
a) 1993
b) police
c) drug deal
d) black
e) white racists
f) badly
g) impossible
h) conviction
i) The McPherson Report (2000)
j) institutional
k) stereotyping
l) ‘canteen culture’
m) government
n) stats
o) victimisation
p) progress on justice
