patterns and trends in crime

Question 1

According to Sutherland, where does crime have a high incidence?

Answer 1

In the lower socio-economic class

Sutherland’s findings indicate a correlation between socio-economic status and crime rates.

Question 2

What did the 2002 Social Exclusion Unit find about prisoners and their backgrounds?

Answer 2

Prisoners are more likely to have grown up in care, poverty, and to have had a family member convicted of a criminal offence

This highlights the social factors contributing to criminal behavior.

Question 3

What is the unemployment rate in the general population?

Answer 3

5%

This statistic serves as a baseline for comparing employment status among prisoners.

Question 4

What percentage of the prison population had been unemployed prior to imprisonment?

Answer 4

67%

This indicates a significant disparity in employment status between the general and prison populations.

Question 5

What is the homelessness rate in the general population?

Answer 5

0.9%

This statistic provides context for comparing homelessness among prisoners.

Question 6

What percentage of the prison population had been homeless prior to imprisonment?

Answer 6

32%

This statistic suggests a much higher rate of homelessness among prisoners compared to the general population.

Question 7

Data from self-report studies indicates that the difference in offending rates for working and middle class people is __________.

Answer 7

not as high as the statistics suggest

This challenges the perception of a significant divide in criminal behavior between classes.

Question 8

Who argued that the difference between classes in offending and official responses is magnified?

Answer 8

Cavadino and Dignan

Their work emphasizes the role of societal responses in shaping perceptions of crime across social classes.

Question 9

According to the British Crime Survey 2010-11, which groups are more than twice as likely to be burgled?

Answer 9

Young households, lone parents, and the unemployed

This survey highlights disparities in victimisation rates among different social classes.

Question 10

How much more likely are the unemployed to be victims of violence compared to the average person?

Answer 10

More than twice as likely

This statistic emphasizes the increased risk faced by the unemployed in terms of violent crime.

Question 11

What is the ‘myth of the equal victim’ in relation to crime?

Answer 11

Certain groups, such as the poor, are hit much harder when they become a victim of crime

This concept challenges the notion that all individuals experience crime equally.

Question 12

What did Kinsey’s Merseyside Crime Survey reveal about the poor and crime?

Answer 12

The poor suffer more than the wealthy from the effects of crime

This finding indicates a significant impact of crime on lower socio-economic groups.

Question 13

What is meant by ‘multiple victimisation’?

Answer 13

The poor are more likely to be subject to ‘multiple victimisation’

This term refers to individuals experiencing crime more than once, often exacerbating their situation.

Question 14

What percentage of all crime is committed by men?

Answer 14

Around 80%

This statistic is based on police recorded crime statistics.

Question 15

At what age does female offending peak?

Answer 15

15

The peak age for male offending is 18.

Question 16

How does female offending change after the teenage years?

Answer 16

Drops markedly

In contrast, male offending does not decline significantly until well into their 20s.

Question 17

In 2010-11, what was a notable difference regarding benefits between female and male offenders?

Answer 17

Female offenders were more likely to be on benefits

This was true before and after their caution, conviction, or prison sentence.

Question 18

Since 1982, what trend has been observed regarding women as victims of crime?

Answer 18

Fewer women are victims of crime than men

This is based on the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW).

Question 19

What is more likely regarding male victims of violence?

Answer 19

The perpetrator is more likely to be a stranger or acquaintance

This highlights the nature of violent crimes against men.

Question 20

Women are twice as likely as men to report which type of abuse?

Answer 20

Non-sexual partner abuse

Women are also seven times as likely to report being victims of sexual assault.

Question 21

What proportion of homicide victims are males?

Answer 21

7 out of 10

Males are most likely to be killed by a stranger or acquaintance.

Question 22

What percentage of female homicide victims since 2003 were killed by a husband or partner?

Answer 22

Over half

On average, 2 women every week are killed by a husband or partner.

Question 23

According to Walklate, why do many incidents of domestic abuse go unreported?

Answer 23

Women feel unable to leave abusive relationships

Factors include lack of economic independence, having children, and psychological issues.

Question 24

What percentage of crime was committed by young people aged 10-17 in 2010-11?

Answer 24

23%

This is disproportionate given that this age group accounts for only about one in ten of the population.

Question 25

What challenge does McVie highlight regarding data on age and offending?

Answer 25

Data is often grouped into age bands

This can mask more precise trends in offending.

Question 26

Who is more likely to fear crime, old people or young people?

Answer 26

Old people

However, young people are more likely to be victims of crime.

Question 27

What is a notable risk for older individuals when they experience assault?

Answer 27

More likely to result in injury and time off work

Assaults on older individuals are more likely to involve severe violence.

Question 28

Since when have children been included in the CSEW?

Answer 28

2009

This inclusion allows for better understanding of crime affecting children.

Question 29

Based on CSEW interviews, what percentage of children had been victims of crime by June 2014?

Answer 29

12%

Of these, the majority (56%) were categorized as violent crimes.

Question 30

What type of crimes made up most of the remaining crimes against children after violent crimes?

Answer 30

Thefts of personal property

This indicates the nature of victimization among children.

Question 31

How many times more were black people stopped and searched compared to white people according to the Ministry of Justice Data?

Answer 31

Seven times more

This statistic highlights disparities in policing practices.

Question 32

What percentage of the population did black people comprise in 2009-10, and what percentage of all stop and searches did they account for?

Answer 32

3.1% of the population; 14.2% of all stop and searches

This indicates a significant overrepresentation in stop and search statistics.

Question 33

What percentage of the population did Asians comprise in 2009-10, and what percentage of all stop and searches did they account for?

Answer 33

6.4% of the population; 10.3% of all stop and searches

This shows a similar trend of overrepresentation among Asian individuals.

Question 34

In 2010, how many times more were black people arrested compared to white people?

Answer 34

Over three times more

This statistic illustrates racial disparities in arrests.

Question 35

What did the Association of Chief Police Officers 2008 report conclude about offending rates among new migrants?

Answer 35

Offending rates among Polish, Romanian, and Bulgarian communities were in line with the rate of offending in the general population

This counters the narrative linking new migrants to higher crime rates.

Question 36

According to the 2012-13 CSEW, which ethnic groups were more at risk of becoming victims of personal crime?

Answer 36

Mixed, black, and Asian groups

This suggests that these groups face higher victimization rates compared to white individuals.

Question 37

How much more likely are black people to be murdered than their white counterparts according to the Home Office?

Answer 37

Five times more likely

This statistic highlights the severe risks faced by black individuals in terms of homicide.

Question 38

What do police records indicate about the relationship between victims and suspects in approximately one in three gun murders?

Answer 38

Both victim and suspects are black (intra-racial crime)

This points to the prevalence of intra-racial crime within certain communities.