interactionist explanation Flashcards

1
Q

What do functionalist and subcultural theories assume about mainstream culture regarding criminal and deviant behavior?

A

They assume there is a consensus about what criminal and deviant behavior is

This implies that crime and deviance are seen as absolute.

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2
Q

How does interactionism view crime and deviance?

A

It believes that there is no deviance; only acts that are labelled as deviant

This perspective suggests that crime and deviance are relative.

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3
Q

What is a label in the context of Becker’s labelling theory?

A

A social judgement made about someone before knowing them

Labels are often based on stereotypes.

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4
Q

What effect can the labels we give people have on their future actions?

A

They can define their future actions and behavior, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an individual’s behavior aligns with the label given.

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5
Q

What is a master status in Becker’s labelling theory?

A

A powerful label that becomes the defining feature of an individual’s identity

This means that the label overshadows other aspects of the person’s identity.

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6
Q

What factors affect whether an individual gets labelled as deviant?

A
  • Who the individual is
  • When the act is committed
  • Where the act is committed
  • The society or culture in which the act takes place
  • The historical and political context of the act

These factors can influence the perception and reaction to the act.

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7
Q

What is ‘Primary Deviance’ according to Edwin Lemert?

A

‘Primary Deviance’ is rule-breaking that Lemert did not consider particularly important in itself

It refers to the initial act of deviance before any labels are applied.

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8
Q

Define ‘Secondary Deviance’ as per Edwin Lemert’s theory.

A

‘Secondary Deviance’ is the deviance that occurs as a consequence of the responses of others to the rule-breaking

This includes all deviance that takes place after an individual has been labelled.

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9
Q

What is the concept of deviancy amplification?

A

It describes how negative social reactions can lead to increased deviance among a group

Developed by Wilkins in 1965, it suggests a cycle of exclusion and deviance.

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10
Q

What do phenomenologists study?

A

They study how reality is shaped by people’s perceptions

They believe the social world is based on interpretations placed on events.

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11
Q

What did Atkinson’s study of suicide reveal?

A

Suicide rates are influenced by subjective recording practices

Different countries and coroners have varied definitions and methods of recording suicide.

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12
Q

What can studying suicide uncover according to phenomenology?

A

It can uncover the practices and individuals who record and define suicide

The true cause and reason for the victim’s death can never be fully known.

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13
Q

What did Jock Young find in his study of marijuana users in Notting Hill?

A

He found that being labelled by police led users to lose jobs and social networks, worsening their deviant behavior

This often resulted in moving onto harder drugs and drug dealing.

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14
Q

What incident did Malinowski describe in his ethnographic study of the Trobriand Islands?

A

A young man broke exogamy rules and was publicly insulted, leading to his suicide

The incident was initiated by the girl’s discarded lover, who felt personally injured.

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