Patofisiologi sistem saraf Flashcards

1
Q

Axon berfungsi untuk

A

mengalirkan potensial aksi
Terminal : untuk menghubungkan dengan sel atau jaringan saraf lain
Membawa impuls saraf keluar tubuh

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2
Q

Nodus ranvier pada sel sarag berfungsi untuk

A

Mempercepat penghantaran impuls

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3
Q

Lapisan meningen pada otak

A

Durameter
Araknoidmeter
Piameter

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4
Q

Faktor pengaruh sistem saraf

A

Cacat genetik
Tumor
Pendarahan
Iskemia
Obat
Racun
Infeksi
Gangguan elektrolit
Penyakit autoimun
Penyakit degeneratif
Penyakit metabolik

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5
Q

Mekanisme sistem saraf

A

Supraspinal structure
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerve conduction
Peripheral effectors

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6
Q

Gangguan fungsi sel saraf terbagi menjadi

A

pada blood brain barrier
pada axon transection
pada regenerasi peripheral nerve

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7
Q

Gangguan pada blood brain barrier disebabkan oleh

A

Toxin, virus, autoimun, logam berat organik

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8
Q

Gangguan pada axon transection meliputi

A

Kromatolisis
Lesion/luka
Myelin disintegration
Waller degeneration
Transneuronal degeneration

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9
Q

Gangguan pada regenerasi peripheral nerve meliputi

A

Nerve growth factor terganggu
Makrofag merangsang sel schwan
Sel schwan mengambil alih sintesis NGF

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10
Q

Patofisiologi masalah pada sel saraf terdiri dari

A

Demyelination
Neuro muscular communication
Motor neuron and muscle
Tekanan intrakranial
Peredaran darah cerebral

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11
Q

Demyelination disebabkan oleh

A

Toxin, inflamasi, defisiensi vitamin, cacat genetik, autoimun

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12
Q

Contoh kasus demyelination

A

Muktiple sclerosis
Guillain barre syndrome

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13
Q

Akibat dari penyakit multiple sclerosis adalah

A

Loss of visus (mata)
Sensory losses
Ataksia (gangguan koordinasi gerak)

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14
Q

Contoh kasus gangguan pada transmisi neuromuskuler

A

Myasthenia gravis

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15
Q

Patofisiologi myasthenia gravis

A

Pemblokiran reseptor nikotinik asetilkolin pada otot sehingga otot tidak bisa berkontraksi

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16
Q

Penyebab Gangguan pada motor neuron dan otot meliputi

A

Kematian neuron supraspinal
Kematian alpha motorneuron
Autoimun
Metabolik
Toxic
Genetik

17
Q

Masalah atau penyakit pada basal ganglia contohnya

A

Penyakit parkinson

18
Q

Efek peningkatan intrakranial

A

Penurunan kesadaran
Bradikardi
Hipertensi
Pembengkakan pupil
Penyempitan pupil
Sakit kepala
Mual
Muntah

19
Q

Gangguan peredaran darah serebral meliputi

A

Iskemia (penyumbatan, tekanan, pecahnya pembuluh darah)
Pendarahan otak