Patofisiologi sistem respirasi Flashcards

1
Q

Sesak nafas disebabkan karena

A

Gangguan ventilasi : obstruksi saluran nafas dan kompresi
Gangguan difusi : aliran darah
Gangguan perfusi : hemoglobin, keracunan CO

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2
Q

Etiologi sesak

A

Respiratory
Keracunan
Hematologi
Psikogenik
Neurogenik
Metabolik

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3
Q

Kondisi yang mempengaruhi jalan nafas

A

Stridor
Abnormak breath sound

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4
Q

Kondisi yang mempengaruhi pergerakan udara

A
  • Rate : eupnae, tachypnae, bradypnae, apnae
  • volume : hipoventilasi, hiperventilasi
  • rhytm : cheyne stokes, biot respiration
  • effort : orthopnae, dyspnae
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5
Q

Kondisi yang mempengaruhi difusi

A

Hipoksemia
Hipoksia
Cyanosis

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6
Q

Sesak nafas timbul karena gangguan hubungan antara

A

Kekuatan otot pernafasan
Perubahan panjang otot dan volume paru

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7
Q

Penyebab bersin

A

Infeksi, alergi, sensitif thdp matahari

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8
Q

4 mekanisme batuk

A

Iritasi
Inspirasi
Kompresi
Ekspirasi

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9
Q

Klasifikasi batuk

A

Bds durasi : akut, sub akut, kronis
Bds klinis : berdahak dan kering

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10
Q

Proses terbentuknya sputum

A

Produksi mucus berlebih
Mucus menumpuk
Membran mukosa terangsang
Mucus keluar dgn otot intratorakal dan intra abdominal
Sputum

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11
Q

Klasifikasi sputum berdasarkan warna

A

Berbusa putih : obstruksi
Putih susu/buram : infeksi
Kuning : infeksi
Hijau : nanah (ada verdoperoksidase)
Kuning - hijau
Warna : pneumonia

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12
Q

Kriteria spesimen sputum

A

Purulen : kental lengket
Mukopurulen : kental kuning hijau
Mukoid.: lendir kental
Hemoptisis : bercampur darah
Saliva : liur

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13
Q

Faktor pemicy peningkatan produksi sputum

A

Peradangan, alergi, gangguan lambung, kurang cairan

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14
Q

Keseimbangan asam basa dengan sistem respirasi

A

Hipoventilasi : co2 menetap : asidosis
Hiperventilasi : o2 naik : alkalosis

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