Patient Safety And Infection Control Flashcards
How would you open an unconscious individuals airway?
Use “ head tilt chin lift” technique
How many chest compressions and rescue breaths do you carry out during CPR?
30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths (repeat)
What is the depth that you should press down during chest compressions?
5-6cm
What rate should you give chest compressions?
100-120 bpm
When dealing with a choking casualty, how many back blows should be given?
5
How many abdominal thrusts should be given when dealing with a choking casualty?
5
What side must a pregnant patient be placed onto when being put in the recovery position and why?
Left-hand side
This is because right-hand side would put pressure on the baby’s inferior vena cava
In what situation would you decide not to carry out the recovery position?
If there is a suspected head or neck injury
What does the ABCDE approach stand for?
A- AIRWAY
B- BREATHING
C- CIRCULATION
D- DISABILITY
E- EXPOSURE/ EVERYTHING ELSE
When there is suspected anaphylaxis, what would you check airway for?
Stridor or wheezing
When there is suspected anaphylaxis, what would you check breathing for?
- a rapid increase in respiratory rate ( can be as high as 30)
- decrease in oxygen saturation
- short of breath
When there is suspected anaphylaxis, what would you check circulation for?
-tachycardia
-blood pressure drop ( blood being pumped to peripheries)
What is the scale used to assess the disability stage in the ABCDE approach?
ACVPU
What does ACVPU stand for?
A- ALERT
C- CONFUSION
V- VERBAL
P- PAIN
U- UNCONSCIOUS
If someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, what stage of ACVPU will they be in?
A= alert
When there is suspected anaphylaxis, what would you do during the ‘Exposure’ stage of ABCDE approach?
Check for angionosis, uticaria (rash), flushing of skin
Could also take a temperature of the patient at this point to see if there is a risk of SEPSIS
A severe and potentially life-threatening reaction to a trigger such as an allergy
Anaphylaxis
Why is allergy to Elastoplast important for dentist to know about?
Elastoplast can be found in some fluoride varnishes
What substance would you use to treat anaphylaxis? And what dosage would be given to an adult?
Adrenaline, 0.5mg (half and ampule)
What are the main symptoms of anaphylaxis?
-Stridor and wheezing
-tachycardia
- angiodema
- uticaria
Etc.
Where should you administer adrenaline and how much?
Intra muscularly in the anterior-lateral thigh. Administer 1:1000 adrenaline 0.5mg
What is beneficial about adrenaline for anaphylaxis?
It is a vasoconstrictor, therefore forces blood back towards the heart from peripheries
What two things would you check for in airway stage of ABCDE approach?
- is the airway patent or obstructed?
- is the pateint making noises ( e.g. Stridor, wheezing)
What is a normal respiratory rate?
12-20
What respiratory rate is an indicator of severe illness?
25
In the breathing stage of ABCDE approach what are the three things you are checking for?
- what is the patient’s respiratory rate?
- what is their oxygen saturation?
- Is their chest equally expansive on both sides during respiration?
What is an example level of oxygen saturation?
96% +
In the circulation stage of ABCDE approach what are the three things you are checking for?
- check pulse rate and strength
- check blood pressure
- check capillary refill time
What is a normal pulse rate?
60-100bpm
What should blood pressure be in a healthy individual?
120/70
At what stage in the ABCDE approach would you record blood glucose?
Disability stage
What value indicates hypoglycaemia after recording blood glucose?
<4 mmols
At what stage would you take a patients temperature in the ABCDE approach?
Exposure stage
What heart rate would indicate tachycardia?
> 110bpm
If oxygen mask available for anaphylaxis patient how much oxygen would you give per minute?
15 litres/min
