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Module 3 Revision > Anatomy: Innervation Of The Palate > Flashcards

Anatomy: Innervation Of The Palate Flashcards

1
Q

Is the hard palate located anteriorly or posteriorly in the oral cavity?

A

Anteriorly

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2
Q

What is the soft palate composed of?

A

Mucosa that is overlying musculature

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3
Q

How many bones comprise the hard palate and what are they called?

A

Four:
- right maxilla
- left maxilla
- right palatine
- left palatine

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4
Q

What two bones make up the horizontal plate?

A

The right and left palatine bones

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5
Q

Via what suture do the maxillary bones and palatine bones articulate?

A

Median palatine suture

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6
Q

What type of mucosa covers the hard palate?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What type of mucosa covers the soft palate?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is the function of the duct openings of the palatine glands?

A

Allow saliva to flow through hard palate to oral cavity

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9
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A

Small mound of mucosa that overlays the incisive canal

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10
Q

What are palatal rugae?

A

Little ridges associated with the hard palate

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11
Q

What is the function of palatal rugae?

A

Involved in mechanical breakdown of food

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12
Q

What does raphe signify? ( e.g. palatine raphe)

A

Term used for between right-hand and left-hand structures that join

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13
Q

A condition where there is a defect in development of the palate. Specifically due to failure of the lateral palatine processes to meet and fuse

A

Cleft palate

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14
Q

What are the three main nerves of the palate?

A
  • nasopalatine nerve
  • greater palatine nerve
  • lesser palatine nerve
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15
Q

What is the nasopalatine nerve a branch of?

A

CN V2

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16
Q

Which nerve scented anteriorly over the hard palate?

A

Greater palatine nerve

17
Q

Which nerve extends posteriorly over the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

18
Q

What foramen does the branch of the nasopalatine nerve pass through?

A

Incisive foramen

19
Q

What tissues does the nasopalatine nerve supply?

A

The palatal gingivae of anterior teeth and mucosa of anterior palate

20
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the anterior hard palate

A

Drains first to the submandibular lymph nodes, then to the deep cervical lymph nodes

21
Q

Describe the two routes of lymphatic drainage of the posterior hard palate and soft palate

A
  1. Drains first to retropharyngeal lymph nodes, then to deep cervical lymph nodes
    OR
  2. Drains directly to deep cervical lymph nodes
22
Q

What are the two arches of the soft palate called?

A
  • palatoglossal arch
  • palatopharyngeal arch
23
Q

Name the five muscles of the soft palate

A
  • levator veli palatini
  • tensor veli palatini
  • palatoglossus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • muscular uvulae
24
Q

What cranial nerves innervate the majority of the soft palate muscles?

A

CN X/XI

25
Q

Which soft palate muscle is not innervated by CN X/XI?

A

Tensor veli palatini

26
Q

What cranial nerve innervates tensor veli palatini?

A

CN V3

27
Q

The point where the tensor palatini muscle tendons join in the soft palate is known as?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

28
Q

What is the superior attachment of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Sphenoid bone

29
Q

Which soft palate muscle’s tendon turns medially around the pterygoid hamulus to enter the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini

30
Q

What are the levator veli palatini’s attachments

A

From petrous temporal bone to soft palate

31
Q

What are the main muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • salpingopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • superior constrictor
  • middle constrictor
32
Q

The longitudinal muscle of the pharynx wall that extends from the opening of the eustachian tube

A

Salpingopharyngeus

33
Q

The flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat

A

Epiglottis

34
Q

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

A

Closes over trachea whilst eating so that food does not enter airway

35
Q

How would you clinically test the vagus nerve?

A
  • ask patient to say ‘Aahh’
  • if uvula lifts up straight in midline, nerve is fully functioning
  • if uvula pulls to one side, there is a unilateral nerve pathology on the opposite side from where it’s pulled
36
Q

What are the functions of the soft palate?

A
  1. Stop food entering nose during swallowing
  2. Directs air into nose or mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
  3. Helps to close off entrance into oropharynx during gag reflex

Module 3 Revision (20 decks)

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