Patient History & Cephalic Region Flashcards
Distichiasis
Malpositioned Eyelashes
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids
Endomorph
Tend to be overweight
* ex: clumbers
Mesomorph
Muscular build
* ex: labs and other working breeds
Ectomorph
Lean body mass
* may be pathological*
* ex: greyhound
* cachexia (chronic weight loss)
Types of Nail Trimmers
- Resco = guillotine
- White = cat
- Miller’s Forge = pliers
Body Systems
- General appearance
- Integument
- Respiratory
- Cardiovascular
- Gastrointestinal
- Genitourinary
- Musculoskeletal
- Neurologic
- Special senses
General Appearance
Note
* nutritional state
* apparent age
* mental alertness
* deformities
Head Exam
- Symmetry
- Muscling
- Abnormalities*
* facial paralysis, alopecia, swellings
Ectropion
Turning out of the eyelids
Entropion
Turning in of the eyelids
Lagophthalmos
Drooping of the eyelids
Tarsorrhaphy
Suturing of a portion of the upper and lower eyelids together
Subscleral Hemorrhage
Seen in cases of trauma to the eye globe
Cherry Eye
Enlargement of the lymph tissue lining
Hyphema
- Bleeding in the anterior chamber
- Anterior lens luxation (dislocation)
Fundus
- Interior surface of the eye
- Includes: Retina, Tapetum, Optic Disc
Keratitis Sicca
- Lack of tear formation
- Dryness due to inflammation of tear gland
- Thick, pigmented cornea
- Seen in dogs with chronic skin allergies or protruding eyes
Keratitis
- Inflammation of the cornea
- Associated with dryness
- Treatment with cyclosporin eye ointment
Uveitis
Inflammation of iris and ciliary body
Cataracts vs Sclerosis
Sclerosis
* beginning opacity of the lens
Cataracts
* opacity of the lens
Proptosis
- Protrusion of the eye from the socket
- Related to trauma
- Pekinese are predisposed
Miosis
Constriction of the pupil
Mydriasis
Dilation of the pupil
Glaucoma
Increase of intra-ocular pressure
Fluorescein Staining
- Used to determine ulceration of the cornea
- Retained by exposed stroma of the cornea
Pigmentation Changes
- Black to red/white
- Occures with age
- Can indicate autoimmune diseases
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips
Retinal Hemorrhage Cause
Commonly caused by hypertension in cats
Ear Exudate
- Discharge
- Dark = ear mites
- Light = bacterial or yeast infection
Ranula
- Salivary cyst
- May be seen as a fluid-filled area under the tongue
Anisicoria
- Pupils of different sizes
- Results from compression of the oculomotor nerve
Tapetum
Portion of the eye that reflects light
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Stenosis
- Reduction in size of airway
- Seen with brachycephalic*
*inherited genetic malformation
Schirmer Tear Test
- Asses tear formation
- Takes 1 minute
- Normal = 10-25 mm
- Below 10 mm = treat as dry eye
Retinal Detachment
- Emergency
- Requires surgical correction
- Longer left untreated, greater risk of vision loss
Oronasal Fistula
Permanent opening between the nose and mouth
Epulis
Benign growth in the mouth
* papilloma = wart type growth
Periodontitis
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth root
* gums
* periodontal ligament
* cementum
* alveolus
Tonopen
- Used for ocular pressure exams
- Detects pressure electronically
- Useful for detecting glaucoma
Fomite
Inanimate object that can transfer disease organisms
Malignant Tumors
Tend to spread through the body
* melanoma
* fibrosarcoma
* squamous cell carcinoma
