Patient History & Cephalic Region

Question 1

Distichiasis

Answer 1

Malpositioned Eyelashes

Question 2

Blepharitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the eyelids

Question 3

Endomorph

Answer 3

Tend to be overweight
* ex: clumbers

Question 4

Mesomorph

Answer 4

Muscular build
* ex: labs and other working breeds

Question 5

Ectomorph

Answer 5

Lean body mass
* may be pathological*
* ex: greyhound

* cachexia (chronic weight loss)

Question 6

Types of Nail Trimmers

Answer 6

• Resco = guillotine
• White = cat
• Miller’s Forge = pliers

Question 7

Body Systems

Answer 7

• General appearance
• Integument
• Respiratory
• Cardiovascular
• Gastrointestinal
• Genitourinary
• Musculoskeletal
• Neurologic
• Special senses

Question 8

General Appearance

Answer 8

Note
* nutritional state
* apparent age
* mental alertness
* deformities

Question 9

Head Exam

Answer 9

• Symmetry
• Muscling
• Abnormalities*

* facial paralysis, alopecia, swellings

Question 10

Ectropion

Answer 10

Turning out of the eyelids

Question 11

Entropion

Answer 11

Turning in of the eyelids

Question 12

Lagophthalmos

Answer 12

Drooping of the eyelids

Question 13

Tarsorrhaphy

Answer 13

Suturing of a portion of the upper and lower eyelids together

Question 14

Subscleral Hemorrhage

Answer 14

Seen in cases of trauma to the eye globe

Question 15

Cherry Eye

Answer 15

Enlargement of the lymph tissue lining

Question 16

Hyphema

Answer 16

• Bleeding in the anterior chamber
• Anterior lens luxation (dislocation)

Question 17

Fundus

Answer 17

• Interior surface of the eye
• Includes: Retina, Tapetum, Optic Disc

Question 18

Keratitis Sicca

Answer 18

• Lack of tear formation
• Dryness due to inflammation of tear gland
• Thick, pigmented cornea
• Seen in dogs with chronic skin allergies or protruding eyes

Question 19

Keratitis

Answer 19

• Inflammation of the cornea
• Associated with dryness
• Treatment with cyclosporin eye ointment

Question 20

Uveitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of iris and ciliary body

Question 21

Cataracts vs Sclerosis

Answer 21

Sclerosis
* beginning opacity of the lens

Cataracts
* opacity of the lens

Question 22

Proptosis

Answer 22

• Protrusion of the eye from the socket
• Related to trauma
• Pekinese are predisposed

Question 23

Miosis

Answer 23

Constriction of the pupil

Question 24

Mydriasis

Answer 24

Dilation of the pupil

Question 25

Glaucoma

Answer 25

Increase of intra-ocular pressure

Question 26

Fluorescein Staining

Answer 26

* Used to determine ulceration of the cornea * Retained by exposed stroma of the cornea

Question 27

Pigmentation Changes

Answer 27

* Black to red/white * Occures with age * Can indicate autoimmune diseases

Question 28

Cheilitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the lips

Question 29

Retinal Hemorrhage Cause

Answer 29

Commonly caused by hypertension in cats

Question 30

Ear Exudate

Answer 30

* Discharge * Dark = ear mites * Light = bacterial or yeast infection

Question 31

Ranula

Answer 31

* Salivary cyst * May be seen as a fluid-filled area under the tongue

Question 32

Anisicoria

Answer 32

* Pupils of different sizes * Results from compression of the oculomotor nerve

Question 33

Tapetum

Answer 33

Portion of the eye that reflects light

Question 34

Glossitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the tongue

Question 35

Stenosis

Answer 35

* Reduction in size of airway * Seen with brachycephalic* | *inherited genetic malformation

Question 36

Schirmer Tear Test

Answer 36

* Asses tear formation * Takes 1 minute * Normal = 10-25 mm * Below 10 mm = treat as dry eye

Question 37

Retinal Detachment

Answer 37

* Emergency * Requires surgical correction * Longer left untreated, greater risk of vision loss

Question 38

Oronasal Fistula

Answer 38

Permanent opening between the nose and mouth

Question 39

Epulis

Answer 39

Benign growth in the mouth * papilloma = wart type growth

Question 40

Periodontitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth root * gums * periodontal ligament * cementum * alveolus

Question 41

Tonopen

Answer 41

* Used for ocular pressure exams * Detects pressure electronically * Useful for detecting glaucoma

Question 42

Fomite

Answer 42

Inanimate object that can transfer disease organisms

Question 43

Malignant Tumors

Answer 43

Tend to spread through the body * melanoma * fibrosarcoma * squamous cell carcinoma