Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
Epidural Injection Complications
- Systemic infection
- Clotting issues
- Infected skin
Local Anesthetics
- Impare nerve impluses in peripheral nerve
- No IV*
* can cause cardiac arrest or convulsions
Telazol Routes
IV or IM
* rapid onset
Alfaxalone
- Neuroactive steriod
- Anesthesia due to effect on GABA
- Inhibits neural impulse transmission
Epidural Anesthesia
- Uses local anesthetic (lidocaine)
- Can give opioid same way for analgesia
- Effects caudal portion of body
Lidocaine
Duration
- Short duration
- Rapid onset (30 sec)
Lidocaine
with Epinephrine
- Slow absorption
- Increased length of action
- Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias
Cyclohexamine Characteristics
- Dissociative agent
- Antagonistic effects at NMDA receptor
- Catalepsy
- Analgesic - best when combined with opioid
Cyclohexamine and CNS
- Does not depress
- May increase HR and BP
- Excitement during recovery
Alfaxalone Route and Administration
- IV - no irritation if given outside vein
- Can give to sighthounds
- Rapidly eliminated
Ketamine Effects
- Open, dilated eyes
- Salivation, no vomit
- Minimal respiratory depression
- Increased BP and cardiac output
Telazol Effects
- High doses cause excitement and inspiratory apnea leading to hypoxia
- Good for aggressive patients
- Analgesia better than ketamine
Propofol Effects
- CNS depression
- Bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, hypotension
- Respiratory depression
- Muscle twitching
Cetacaine
- Topical use
- Apply to larynx to relax muscle during intubation
- Associated with Heinz body anemia
Proparacaine
- Used for cornea
- Applied as drops
Bupivicaine
- Used in dentristry
- Longer effect than lidocaine, but slower onset
- Can be used for epidurals
Propofol
- Non-barbiturate IV induction agent
- Depresses CNS - acts on GABA
- No analgesia
- Rapid LOC
Kitty Magic Complications
- CNS stimulation with catalepsy
- Irregular breathing
- Convulsions
- Hallucinations
- Can’t control anesthetic depth
Telazol
- Dissociative anesthetic
- Analgesia via brain pathways interrupted
- For cats and dogs
- Schedule III
Propofol Routes and Administration
- IV - minimal pain if given outside vein
- Give slowly
- 1/3 dose, wait 30 seconds
- too slow = may cause excitement
- too fast = respiratory and cardiovascular depression
Barbiturates Use
- General anesthesia: fat redistribution = fast wake up
- Anticonvulsants (phenobarbital)
- Depresses CNS, beginning at cerebral cortex
Telazol Agents
Water soluble, able to go IM
Propofol Metabolism
- Liver = very fast
- Leads to smooth and rapid recovery
Catalepsy
- Rigidy of skeletal muscles, noted in front limbs
- Reduced with sedation
- Not a sign that a patient is coming out of anesthesia
Kitty Magic
DKT
- Short duration of sedation
- Given IM, combined
- Ketamine
- Torb
- Dex
Barbiturates
Classifications
Classification according to the duration of action
* long
* intermediate
* short
* ultra short
Barbiturates
Long
- Phenobarbital Tablets
- Seizure control
- Schedule IV
Barbiturates
Short
Pentobarbital
Used for
* anesthesia
* seizure control (IV)
* euthanasia*
*Schedule II or III
Barbiturates
Ultra-short
Thiopental
* suited for anesthesia induction
* schedule III
* not available
Clyclohexamine Classifications
Ketamine
* schedule III
Ketamine with Dogs
- Given IV
- Combined with diazepam
Stratus Epilepticus
Continual seizure
Ketamine with Cats
- Given IM or IV
- IM = stinging
- Violent reactions
- Reduced reaction by slowly injecting
Barbiturates
Intermediate
- Secobarbital
- Limited use
