Anesthesia Technique Flashcards
Serum Profile
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Creatinine
* production of muscle breakdown
* kidney’s filter
Kidney Evaluation
Goal of Anesthesia
- Depress area of conscious thought (cerebral cortex)
- Medulla remains funcational - contains vital centers for heart and respiration
Theories of General Anesthesia
- Exact mechanism of action unknown
- Suggests enzyme system in CNS blocked*
*blocks passage of impulses
Basic Philosphy of Anesthesia
- There are no safe anesthetics - only safe anesthetists
- It is, at best, controlled poisoning
General Anesthesia
State of unconsciousness and inability to feel pain
Sedation
State of calm or drowsiness
Tranquilization
State of relaxation and reduced anxiety
Neuroleptanalgesia
Profound sedation
* produced by the administration of an opioid and tranquilizer
Analgesia
Relief from pain
Anesthesia Lab Tests
Healthy; Under 6 years
* WBC, RBC
* PCV, TP
* BUN
* BG
* requires 1 mL or less
Signs of disease; Over 6 years
* all of the above
* CBC
Liver Evaluations
Liver enzymes are proteins that speed metabolism functions
* Measure: ALT, ALP, GGT
ALT
Elevations indicate liver cell damage
ALP and GGT
Elevations indicate failure of bile flow in liver
Clotting Tests
Done by a buccal mucosal bleeding test
* Dog: 2-4 min
* Cat: 1.5-2.5 min
Pulse Deficit
Hearing a heart beat but not feeling a pulse
Anesthetic Physical Status
APS 1-2
APS 1
* normal patient
* elective surgery
APS 2
* slight to moderate systemic disease
* obesity
* dehydration
* skin tumor
Body Type vs Anesthesia
Propofol
- Use with very lean animals
- Rapidly metabolized by liver
- Redistribution to body fat not critical in recovery
Body Type vs Anesthesia
Barbiturate
Lean animals = less amount needed
* less fat for redistribution from CNS
* extended anesthesia time
* over-depressed with recovery
Metabolism vs Anesthetic Drugs
Slow metabolic rate = Smaller amount of drug
(vice versa)
Anesthesia with Young Pets
Require less of an anesthetic (immature liver function)
* Avoid Ace due to prolonged effects
Anesthetic Physical Status
APS 5
- Morbid state
- May die with or without treatment
- Severe trauma / shock
- End-stage organ failure
IV Fluids
Lactated Ringers
* balanced electrolyte solution
2.5% Dextrose
* put in 1/2 strength saline
* good for risk of hypoglycemia
Anesthesia with Heart Conditions
- Use isoflurane
- Pre-oxygenate for 5 minutes - reduces risk of cardiac arrhythmia and hypoxia
Anesthetic Physical Status
APS 4
- Severe systemic condition / disease
- Could lead to death
Ex: ruptured bladder, internal hemorrhage, pyometra
Anesthetic Physical Status
APS 3
- Major systemic condition
- Not incapacitating
Ex: heart murmur, anemia, major organ disease
