Pathways Flashcards
Pathways which occur in mitochondria
Fatty Acid oxidation
Acetyl CoA
TCA
Oxidative phosphorylation
“MITO FATO”
Pathways that occur in cytoplasm
PPP Glyogenesis Glycogenolysis Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis Anaerobic glycolysis
What pathways occur both in mitochondria and cytosol?
Heme
Urea
Gluconeogenesis
Give BOTH a HUG
Pathways that occur in mitochondrial matrix
TCA
Urea
B-oxidation
INSIDE the TUB
Pathway that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane
membranes of cristae
ETC
Succinate dehydrogenase
ATP synthase
Inner EAS
Energy synthesizing system of the cell
Final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons derived from various subtrates are transferred to oxygen
Electron Transport Chain
Final acceptor of electrons along ETC
Can accomodate how many electrons to form water
Oxygen
Electron + Oxygen = water
4 electrons
Energy from reductkon of oxygen utilized for
Phosphorylation of ADP
oxidative phosphorylation
Energy from reduction of O2 is utilized for phosphorylation of ADP to ATP through the enzyme
ATP synthetase
Complex V
ATP synthetase
Series of protein complexes, chain of transporters that carry only
electrons
H is not transported
The only non-protein complex
Co-enzyme Q
Two types of phosphorylation
Substrate level
Oxidative phosphorylation
Synthesis of ATP from ADP by phosphorylation coupled with exergonic breakdown of a high energy organic substrate molecule
Substrate level phosphorylation
Example of substrate level phosphorylation
Phosphoenol pyruvate -> pyruvate
ADP -> ATP via pyruvate kinase
1,3 disphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 Phosphoglycerate + ATP via phosphoglycerate kinase
Succinyl CoA + GDP -> Succinate + GTP via SuccinylCoa synthetase
Phosphorylation of ADP is coupled with the oxidation of substrate in the ETC
Oxidative phosphorylation
Tight coupling of electron transfer (oxidation) and phosphorylation
Chemiosmotic Coupling Hypothesis of Peter Mitchell
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in
inner mitochondrial membrane
Components of ETC
Cytochromes
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q)
Fe-sulfur complexes
Molecular oxygen
Iron containing single electron carriers
Cytochrome
Mobile water soluble protein
Cytochrome C
All other cytochromes (a and b) are immobile
A non-protein isoprenoid quinone
Mobile component and most abundant
Ubiquinone (Coenzyne Q)
Shares structural homology with with Vitamin E and Vitamin K
Ubiquinone
Found in all organisms
Polar, not water soluble
Ubiquinone
Associated with metalloflavoproteins and Cytochrome b
Single electron carriers involved in the redox mechanism between flavin and Q
Fe-Sulfur Complex
Complex I
NADH dehydrogenase
Complex II
Succinate dehydrogenase
Complex III
Cytochrome b-c1 complex
Complex IV
Cytochrome oxidase
Complex V
ATP synthase
Net charge outside, inside after electron transfer
+ outside
- inside
Two domains of ATP synthase
F1 domain
F0 domain
Inhibits complex F0 domain of Complex V
Oligomycin
Complex I
NADH oxidoreductase is blocked by
They do not totally deplete ATP production because they do not block the Complex II
Barbiturate
Amytal
Rotenone
Pericidin A
BARP
Complex II
Succinate-Q reductase is inhibited by
TTFA
Carboxin
Malonate
Insecticide produced by extraction from roots and stems of several tropical and subtropical plant species especially those belonging to Lonchocarpus and Derris
Inhibits Complex I
Rotenone
Inhibitor of NADH Dehydrogenase
Piericidin A
Inhibitor of Complex I that causes insomnia and anxiety
Amobarbital
Blocks Complex II
Competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase
You still have ATP production via complex I
Malonate
TTFA
Carboxin
A conventional mitochondrial Complex II inhibitor
Chelating agent
TTFA
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Systemic anilide fungicide that inhibits Complex II
Carboxin
Blocks Complex III
Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
Antimycin A
Dimercaprol
Inhibits Complex IV
Cytochrome c oxidase
Cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Sodium azide
H2S
Inhibits Complex V
ATP Synthase Complex
Oligomycin F0
Cyanide toxicity occurs when
Na nitroprusside
Blocks Complex III
Used in treatment for arsenic, gold, mercury, lead and other toxic metals
Dimercaprol
Chemical piscicide (fish poison) used in fisheries managment and in the catfish industry
Antimycin
Block of complex III leads to
no ATP
Blocks Complex IV
No ATP production
Cyanide
Hydrogen sulfide
Carbon monoxide
Cyanide inhibits the enzyme
Cytochrome oxidase
Compounds that allow oxidation to continue without corresponding synthesis of ATP
Thermogenin
2,4-Dinitrophenol DNP
Aspirin in excess
Known as uncoupling protein 1 UCP1
Protein found in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue
Used to generate heat by non-shivering thermogenesis
Thermogenin
Transports protons across the membrane and destroy the pH gradient
no transfer of electron
Uncouplers
