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Biochemistry > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

At physiologic pH

Amino acids can exist in a state where they both have positive and negatively charged groups

A

zwitterion state

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2
Q

AA can act as acid or base

A

Amphoteric

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3
Q

Classification of amino acids based on properties of R group:

A

Nonpolar (Hydrophobic)
Polar but uncharged
Charged (negatively charged - acidic, positively charged - basic)

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4
Q

What are the basic amino acids?

A

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

HAL

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5
Q

Precursor of vasoactive histamine

A

Histidine

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6
Q

Precursor of nitric oxide

A

Arginine

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7
Q

Amino acid involved in collagen synthesis

A

Lysine

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8
Q

What are the acidic amino acids?

negatively charged

A

Aspartate (articifial sweetener)

Glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter, most abundant)

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9
Q

Taste bud sensitive to glutamate

A

Umami taste buds

Savory taste from monosodium glutamate

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10
Q

Too much glutamate causes

A

neuronal cell death

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11
Q

What are the branched chain amino acids?

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

LIV

I BRANCHED OUT TWO OTHERS TO THEY MAY LIV

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12
Q

Which of the branched chain amino acids is substituted at beta 6?

A

Valine to glutamic acid
Sicke Cell Anemia
Missense mutation

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13
Q

Disease from branched chain amino acid

A

Maple Syrup urine Disease

Caramel like odor

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14
Q

Boiled cabbage urine

Rancid butter smelling urine

A

Tyrosinemia

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15
Q

Enzyme deficient in MSUD

A

Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase/Carboxylase

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16
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

PVT TIM HALL always ARGues (arginine) but never TYRs (tyrosine)

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine * tyrosine
Tryptophan *
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine * alanine 
Leucine 
Lysine
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17
Q

Which of the essential amino acids are ketogenic?

A

Leucine

Lysine

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18
Q

What ate the non polar amino acids?

A

Glycine
Alanine
Proline

GAP

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19
Q

Simplest amino acid

A

Glycine

R group is H

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20
Q

Smallest amino acid

A

Glycine

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21
Q

Sweaty feet, acrid

A

Glutaric acidemia type III

Isovaleric acidemia

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22
Q

Amino acid not optically active
No stereoisomers
No chiral carbone

A

Glycine

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23
Q

Swimming pool urine

A

Hawksinuria

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24
Q

Boiled cabbage

A

Hypermethioninemia

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25
Q

Only amino acid that can serve as the internal amino acid of a collagen helix

A

Glycine

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26
Q

Tomcat urine

A

Multiple carboxylase deficiency

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27
Q

Hops-like urine

A

Oasthouse urine disease

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28
Q

Mousy or musty urine

A

Phenylketonuria

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29
Q

Rotting fish urine

A

Trimethylaminuria

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30
Q

Amino acid involved in heme synthesis

Starting subtance is condensed with succinyl CoA

A

Glycine

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31
Q

Glycine + Succinyl CoA is formed to Aminolevulenic acid (ALA) in heme synthesis by

A

ALA synthase

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32
Q

Which amino acid has a pyrrolidine ring?

A

Proline

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33
Q

Alpha helix breakers or disruptors

Disrupt the regularity of alpha helix configuration

Destabilizer of alpha helix

A

Proline

Glycine

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34
Q

Amino acid that causes collagen kinks

A

Proline

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35
Q

Amino acid involved in methyl group transfer as SAM

S- Adenosyl methionine

A

Methionine

36
Q

Which amino acid absorbs ultra violet light? due to aromatic rings

A

Tryptophan - most
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine

37
Q

UV light is absorbed by tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine at a wavelength of

A

280 nanometers

38
Q

Precursor of epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
melanin

39
Q

Precursor of serotonin

A

Tryptophan

40
Q

Amino acid with largest side chain

A

Tryptophan

41
Q

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death

Vitamin?

A

Pellagra
Tryptophan/Niacin deficiency Vit B3

Corn eaters disease

42
Q

How many milligrams of niacin is equivalent to tryptophan

43
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

Zinc congenital deficiency

44
Q

GI cells that secrete serotonin

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells

45
Q

Tumor from enterochromafin-like cells

A

Carcinoid tumor

46
Q

Serotonin is also called

A

5 hydroxytryptamine

47
Q

Metabolite of carcinoid tumors

A

5HIAA

hydroxy indole acetic acid

48
Q

Carcinoid tumor treatment

A

Chemotherapy:
Capecitabine Xeloda
5-FU
Doxorubicin

49
Q

Slows down carcinoid tumors

A

Ocreotide (Sandostatin) acromegaly, bleeding esophageal

Lanreotide (Samatuline)

50
Q

Precursor of melatonin

Vitiligo
Albinism

A

Tryptophan

51
Q

Oculocutaneous albinism

Recurrent infections

A

Chediak Higashi Syndrome

52
Q

Precursor of thyroid hormone

53
Q

Precursor of tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

54
Q

Precursor of GABA

55
Q

Toxin responsible for blocking GABA and Glycine

A

Tetanospasmin

56
Q

Toxin inhibits the SNARE proteins preventing release of Ach

57
Q

Precursor of glutathione

58
Q

Tripeptide amino acid making up glutathione

A

Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Glycine

59
Q

Biochemical reaction in the conversion of histamine from histidine

A

Histidine —-> Histamine
By HDC Histamine decarboxylase

Decarboxylation of histidine

60
Q

Plays a role in oxygen binding to hemoglobin and myoglobin

61
Q

What test is used to diagnose folic acid deficiency

A

Histidine

FIGLU Formiminoglutamic acid (metabolite) to conversion of histidine to glutamic acid

62
Q

Test for B12

A

Schilling’s test

63
Q

Iodine used to diagnose cervical CA

A

Schiller’s test

64
Q

Condition caused by low levels of vitamin B12 cobalamin with megaloblastic anemia

Congenital cobalamin malabsorp

A

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome

65
Q

Non standars amino acids because they have undergone post translational protein modification

Chemically modified

A

Ornithine
Selenocysteine
4-hydroxyproline
Carboxyglutamate

66
Q

21st amino acid

A

selenocysteine

during protein analysis a new amino acid was discovered which has a pk3 value, 3 units lower than that of cysteine. This so-called 21st amino acid is selenocysteine.

67
Q

Both glucogenic and ketogenic

A

Phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan

68
Q

deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase or dinydropterine reductase

A

Phenylketonuria PKU

69
Q

Branched chain 2 - keto - acid decarboxylase

Isoleucine
Leucine
Valine

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

70
Q

Neutal amino aciduria
Defect in the transport of neutral amino acids
Malabsorption
Pellagra-like symptoms (tyrotophan deficiency)
Dermatitis

A

Hartnup’s disease

Nup nup trip nupan

71
Q 
Delusions
Mood swings
Hallucinations
Tremors
Speech difficulties
A

Hartnup’s disease

72
Q

Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency

Dislocation of lens (ectopia lentis)
Mental retardation
Osteoporosis short stature
Atherosclerosis and thrombo-embolism

A

Homocystinuria

73
Q

Cystathione beta synthase (CBS) is dependent on

A

B6 pyridoxine

74
Q

Deficiency of tyrosinase resulting in defective production of melanin pigment

75
Q

Found in collagen

Deficiency of Vitamin C required for these two hydroxylases results in scurvy, in which bleeding gums, swelling joints and impaired wound healing result from the impaired stability of collagen

A

Hydroxyproline

Hydroxylysine

76
Q

21st amino acid

Requires cysteine, selenate, ATP
a specific tRNA and several enzymes

A

Selenocysteine

77
Q 
Gives rise to
Nitric Oxide
Creatine
Skeletons of the polyamines
Putrsecine
Spermine
Spermidine
78
Q

Gives rise to
CoA
Part of the bile acid taurocholic acid

79
Q

Gives rise to

Biosynthesis of heme
Purines
Creatine
N-methylglycine (sarcosine)

80
Q

Gives rise to histamine

81
Q

Gives rise to

norepinephrine and epinephrine
following iodination,
the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Tyramine

82
Q

Gives rise to

SAM
S-Adenosylmethionine

A

Methionine

Cysteine

83
Q

Principal source of methyl groups in metabolism

Contributes its C skeleton to the synthesis of polyamines spermine and spermidine

A

SAM

S-Adenosylmethionine

84
Q

Gives rise to

Serotonin
Melatonin

A

Tryptophan

85
Q

Amino acids participating in the biosynthesis of creatine

A

Glycine
Arginine
S-adenosylmethionine

86
Q

Gives rise to

GABA

87
Q

Provides the carbons 2 and 8 of purines and the methyl group of thymine

Biochemistry (32 decks)

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