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Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

At physiologic pH

Amino acids can exist in a state where they both have positive and negatively charged groups

A

zwitterion state

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2
Q

AA can act as acid or base

A

Amphoteric

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3
Q

Classification of amino acids based on properties of R group:

A

Nonpolar (Hydrophobic)
Polar but uncharged
Charged (negatively charged - acidic, positively charged - basic)

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4
Q

What are the basic amino acids?

A

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

HAL

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5
Q

Precursor of vasoactive histamine

A

Histidine

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6
Q

Precursor of nitric oxide

A

Arginine

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7
Q

Amino acid involved in collagen synthesis

A

Lysine

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8
Q

What are the acidic amino acids?

negatively charged

A

Aspartate (articifial sweetener)

Glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter, most abundant)

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9
Q

Taste bud sensitive to glutamate

A

Umami taste buds

Savory taste from monosodium glutamate

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10
Q

Too much glutamate causes

A

neuronal cell death

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11
Q

What are the branched chain amino acids?

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

LIV

I BRANCHED OUT TWO OTHERS TO THEY MAY LIV

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12
Q

Which of the branched chain amino acids is substituted at beta 6?

A

Valine to glutamic acid
Sicke Cell Anemia
Missense mutation

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13
Q

Disease from branched chain amino acid

A

Maple Syrup urine Disease

Caramel like odor

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14
Q

Boiled cabbage urine

Rancid butter smelling urine

A

Tyrosinemia

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15
Q

Enzyme deficient in MSUD

A

Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase/Carboxylase

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16
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

PVT TIM HALL always ARGues (arginine) but never TYRs (tyrosine)

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine * tyrosine
Tryptophan *
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine * alanine 
Leucine 
Lysine
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17
Q

Which of the essential amino acids are ketogenic?

A

Leucine

Lysine

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18
Q

What ate the non polar amino acids?

A

Glycine
Alanine
Proline

GAP

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19
Q

Simplest amino acid

A

Glycine

R group is H

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20
Q

Smallest amino acid

A

Glycine

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21
Q

Sweaty feet, acrid

A

Glutaric acidemia type III

Isovaleric acidemia

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22
Q

Amino acid not optically active
No stereoisomers
No chiral carbone

A

Glycine

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23
Q

Swimming pool urine

A

Hawksinuria

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24
Q

Boiled cabbage

A

Hypermethioninemia

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25
Only amino acid that can serve as the internal amino acid of a collagen helix
Glycine
26
Tomcat urine
Multiple carboxylase deficiency
27
Hops-like urine
Oasthouse urine disease
28
Mousy or musty urine
Phenylketonuria
29
Rotting fish urine
Trimethylaminuria
30
Amino acid involved in heme synthesis Starting subtance is condensed with succinyl CoA
Glycine
31
Glycine + Succinyl CoA is formed to Aminolevulenic acid (ALA) in heme synthesis by
ALA synthase
32
Which amino acid has a pyrrolidine ring?
Proline
33
Alpha helix breakers or disruptors Disrupt the regularity of alpha helix configuration Destabilizer of alpha helix
Proline | Glycine
34
Amino acid that causes collagen kinks
Proline
35
Amino acid involved in methyl group transfer as SAM S- Adenosyl methionine
Methionine
36
Which amino acid absorbs ultra violet light? due to aromatic rings
Tryptophan - most Tyrosine Phenylalanine
37
UV light is absorbed by tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine at a wavelength of
280 nanometers
38
Precursor of epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine melanin
Tyrosine
39
Precursor of serotonin
Tryptophan
40
Amino acid with largest side chain
Tryptophan
41
Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia Death Vitamin?
Pellagra Tryptophan/Niacin deficiency Vit B3 Corn eaters disease
42
How many milligrams of niacin is equivalent to tryptophan
1:60
43
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc congenital deficiency
44
GI cells that secrete serotonin
Enterochromaffin-like cells
45
Tumor from enterochromafin-like cells
Carcinoid tumor
46
Serotonin is also called
5 hydroxytryptamine
47
Metabolite of carcinoid tumors
5HIAA | hydroxy indole acetic acid
48
Carcinoid tumor treatment
Chemotherapy: Capecitabine Xeloda 5-FU Doxorubicin
49
Slows down carcinoid tumors
Ocreotide (Sandostatin) acromegaly, bleeding esophageal | Lanreotide (Samatuline)
50
Precursor of melatonin Vitiligo Albinism
Tryptophan
51
Oculocutaneous albinism | Recurrent infections
Chediak Higashi Syndrome
52
Precursor of thyroid hormone
Tyrosine
53
Precursor of tyrosine
Phenylalanine
54
Precursor of GABA
Glutamate
55
Toxin responsible for blocking GABA and Glycine
Tetanospasmin
56
Toxin inhibits the SNARE proteins preventing release of Ach
Botulinum
57
Precursor of glutathione
Glutamate
58
Tripeptide amino acid making up glutathione
Cysteine Glutamic acid Glycine
59
Biochemical reaction in the conversion of histamine from histidine
Histidine —-> Histamine By HDC Histamine decarboxylase Decarboxylation of histidine
60
Plays a role in oxygen binding to hemoglobin and myoglobin
Histidine
61
What test is used to diagnose folic acid deficiency
Histidine | FIGLU Formiminoglutamic acid (metabolite) to conversion of histidine to glutamic acid
62
Test for B12
Schilling’s test
63
Iodine used to diagnose cervical CA
Schiller’s test
64
Condition caused by low levels of vitamin B12 cobalamin with megaloblastic anemia Congenital cobalamin malabsorp
Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome
65
Non standars amino acids because they have undergone post translational protein modification Chemically modified
Ornithine Selenocysteine 4-hydroxyproline Carboxyglutamate
66
21st amino acid
selenocysteine during protein analysis a new amino acid was discovered which has a pk3 value, 3 units lower than that of cysteine. This so-called 21st amino acid is selenocysteine.
67
Both glucogenic and ketogenic
Phenylalanine Isoleucine Tyrosine Tryptophan
68
deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase or dinydropterine reductase
Phenylketonuria PKU
69
Branched chain 2 - keto - acid decarboxylase Isoleucine Leucine Valine
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
70
Neutal amino aciduria Defect in the transport of neutral amino acids Malabsorption Pellagra-like symptoms (tyrotophan deficiency) Dermatitis
Hartnup’s disease Nup nup trip nupan
71
``` Delusions Mood swings Hallucinations Tremors Speech difficulties ```
Hartnup’s disease
72
Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency Dislocation of lens (ectopia lentis) Mental retardation Osteoporosis short stature Atherosclerosis and thrombo-embolism
Homocystinuria
73
Cystathione beta synthase (CBS) is dependent on
B6 pyridoxine
74
Deficiency of tyrosinase resulting in defective production of melanin pigment
Albinism
75
Found in collagen Deficiency of Vitamin C required for these two hydroxylases results in scurvy, in which bleeding gums, swelling joints and impaired wound healing result from the impaired stability of collagen
Hydroxyproline | Hydroxylysine
76
21st amino acid Requires cysteine, selenate, ATP a specific tRNA and several enzymes
Selenocysteine
77
``` Gives rise to Nitric Oxide Creatine Skeletons of the polyamines Putrsecine Spermine Spermidine ```
Arginine
78
Gives rise to CoA Part of the bile acid taurocholic acid
Cysteine
79
Gives rise to Biosynthesis of heme Purines Creatine N-methylglycine (sarcosine)
Glycine
80
Gives rise to histamine
Histidine
81
Gives rise to norepinephrine and epinephrine following iodination, the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine Tyramine
Tyrosine
82
Gives rise to SAM S-Adenosylmethionine
Methionine | Cysteine
83
Principal source of methyl groups in metabolism | Contributes its C skeleton to the synthesis of polyamines spermine and spermidine
SAM | S-Adenosylmethionine
84
Gives rise to Serotonin Melatonin
Tryptophan
85
Amino acids participating in the biosynthesis of creatine
Glycine Arginine S-adenosylmethionine
86
Gives rise to GABA
Glutamate
87
Provides the carbons 2 and 8 of purines and the methyl group of thymine
Serine

Biochemistry (32 decks)

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