Board Recall Flashcards
What is true of fructose?
An aldehyde group is present
3rd carbon is sp3 hybridized
It is a non-reducing sugar
A primary and tertiary alcohol is present
Aldehyde in glucose
Sp3 = single bond
Sp2 hybridized = double bond
Sp hybridized = triple
TAMA
Fructose is a reducing sugar
An alcohol group is present but in fructose it is primary and secondary
The ff statements are correct, except:
Vitamin A supports mammalian gametogenesis
Retinol is reduced form of retinal
Retinal is the oxidized form of retinoic acid
Retinal is the oxidized form of retinoic acid
Which of the ff statements MOST LIKELY describes Raffinose?
It is a monosaccharide most commonly found in green leafy vegetables
Strucutally sinilar to cellulise
Can be absorbed in SI through facilitated diffusion
Composed of glucose, fructose and galactose
It is a trisaccharide
Composed of glucose, fructose, galactose
Which of the ff statements are TRUE?
a. Glucose is an example of ketohexose
b. Maltose can be degraded into two glucose subunits through the brush border enzymes
c. Galactose is an anomer of glucose
d. Galactose and mannose are epimers of each other
Glucose is an aldohexose
Anomers are the same except at carbonyl carbon or anomeric carbon
(point of rotation, Hayworth reaction)
Beta - rotated upward
Alpha anomer - rotated upward
BUDA
Epimers the same except one carbon
Kung saan naiba
Glucose and mannose are epimers at C2
naiba sa carbon 2
Galactose and glucose are epimers at C4
Galactose and mannose are not epimers
B maltose can be degraded into two glucose subunits through the brushborder enzyme
The parents of 7 month old noticed child has:
dull response to outside stimuli
exaggerated startle response (Moro) to sharp sounds
Tay-Sachs disease
Increased cellular levels of the following confirms this diagnosis?
a. abnormal glycogen
b. aldohexoses
c. aldoketoses
d. gangliosides
Deficiency of hexose aminidase A
Accumulation of GM2 gangliosides
18 month-old girl
Rapid deterioration in her motor skills
Engorged belly
Gaucher disease
What carbohydrate-containing compound would be expected in macrophages from this patient?
Hallmark: lipid engorged macrophages
Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase enzyme
Glucocerebroside
The aldehyde and ketone moieties of the carbohydrates with 5 and 6 carbons will spontaneously react with alcohol groups present in neighboring carbons to produce ring structure.
The rings can open and close allowing for different configurations of the atoms in the ring.
Which of the following represents the carbon about which this rotation occurs?
Anomeric carbon
BUDA
Carbon that has 4 different substituents
Chiral carbon
A deficiency in the hepatic enzyme aldolase B would result in a reduced ability to metabolize which of the following carbohydrates?
Dihydroxyacetone
Fructose
Glucose
Glyceraldehyde
Hereditary fructose intolerance - deficiency of aldolase B
Aldolase = Fructose
1 mole of fructose yields 2 moles of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Hypoglycemia
Deficiency in triose kinase results in accumulation of
Glyceraldehyde
Deficiency of TIM results in accumulation of
dihydroxyacetone
Cramping in lower belly
Bloating
Gas
Diarrhea
Appear within 30 mins to 2 h after ingestion of dairy product
Avoid food containing particular sugar
Lactose
