Electron Transport Chain Flashcards
ETC is located on the
inner mitochondrial membrane
Main source of energy in the aerobic pathway of energy generation
Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle
Beta oxidation
Occur in
Matrix of mitochondria
Movement of electrons generate energy utilized to pump H ions into the
Intermembrane space from the matrix of mitochondria
Higher concentration of ions is generated in the intermembrane space compared to the inner membrane space make it
Positively charged and generates electro-chemical gradient
This enzyme transports H ions into the matrix of mitochondria and uses energy generated from flow of H ions to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
ATP Synthase
Complex I
NADH Dehydrogenase Complex
NADH oxidoreductase
L shaped complex in the inner mitchondrial membrane
Complex I NADH Dehydrogenase
The vertical arm of complex I is located inside the
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The horizontal arm of complex I is located in the
Matrix of mitochondria
Complex I functions by
Removing hydrogen from reduced form of NAD
NADH Dehydrogenase also contains complexes:
FMN
Iron-sulfur compounds
Dehydrogenation is an example of this type of reduction
Oxido-reduction
Complex II
Succinate dehydrogenase Complex
Complex II removes H from succinyl and oxidizes it into
Fumarate
Krebs cycle
Complex II is also called a complex because it contains
Iron-sulfur clusters
Succinate dehydrogenase
Oxidation of succinate to fumarate produces a reducing equivalent of
FADH2 utilized to transport electron to Complex III
Complex III
Cytochrome reductase
Q-cytochrome C Oxidoreductase
Group of proteins with heme as complexes or prosthetic groups and iron cores where it can exist in an oxidized or reduced form
Cytochrome
Complex III contains 3 types of cytochromes:
Cytochrome b
Cytochrome C1
Cytochrome C
The cytochrome component of complex III that transfers it to Complex IV
Cytochrome C
Complex IV
Cytochrome C oxidase
A heme and copper containing complex whose main job is to oxidize cytochrome C or receive electrons and use it for the reduction of oxygen to water
Cytochrome C oxidase
ETC begins when NADH donates its first electron to the first complex and are received by the prosthetic groups
The electrons are then received by
This is a type of reaction called
FMN
Iron-sulfur Fe-S proteins
Redox
Ferrous-Ferric
Fe-S proteins donate electrons to
Co-enzyme Q
Ubiquinone freely permeable molecule inside the inner mitochondrial membrane
Coenzyme Q
Redox
The first two redox reactions in complex I and complex II are used to generate energy to pump
4 H ions from matrix to inner membrane space
2 H ions from the matrix combine with Coenzyme q and gets converted to
Reduced form of ubiquinone
The second complex contains this enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate in Krebs (redox) causing generation of
Succinate dehydrogenase
FADH2
FADH2 stays inside complex II and donates electrons to Fe-S.
The electrons are then transferred to
Ubiquinone
Freely permeable molecule used to transfer electron to third complex
Ubiquinone
In complex III, the electrons are first received by
cytochrome C1
Cytochrome C1 transfers electrons to
Fe-S proteins donating electrons to cytochrome b
Cytochrome b transfers electrons to cytochrome C which is used to donate electrons to
Complex IV
Redox reactions inside complex III cause
pumping of 4 H ions to intermembrane space
Complex IV receives electrons from cytochrome C via
Copper ions (a type?) then donate to cytochrome A and transfers electrons to copper ions (b type)
Copper ions b type transfer electrons to
Cytochrome A3
Cytochrome A3 transfers electrons to final electron acceptor which is:
oxygen
Oxygen combines with 2 molecules of H and get reduced to become:
water
Redox reactions in complex IV cause pumping of
2 H ions to intermembrane space
All the pumping of H ions to intermembrane space cause
High concentration creating electro-chemical gradient used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ATP from ADP
Glucose -> Pyruvate (Glycolysis)
Net of ATP?
Net of NADH?
Total of?
2 ATPs
2 NADH
Pyruvate -> Acetyl Coa
Net NADH?
2 NADH
Krebs Cycle (1 by glucose)
Net GTP?
Net NADH?
Net FADH2?
2 GTPS
6 NADH
2 FADH2
ETC
Net NADH?
Net FADH2?
2 NADH (Glycolysis) = 5 ATP 2 NADH (Pyruvate -> Acetyl Coa) = 5 ATP 6 NADH (Krebs) = 15 ATP 2 FADH2 (Krebs) = 3 ATP
In the Electron Transport Chain, for every 4 H ions that flow through ATP synthase, how many ATP is generated?
1 ATP
1 NADH =
how many H ions?
10 H ions
Giving rise to 2.5 ATPs
1 NADH = ATPs?
2.5 ATPs
1 FADH2 = H?
6 H ions
Generating 1.5 ATPs
1 FADH2 = ATP?
1.5 ATP
Glucose -> Pyruvate
Net ATP?
7 ATP
Pyruvate -> Acetyl Coa
Net ATP?
5 ATP
Krebs Cycle
Net ATP?
20 ATP
Glycolysis
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Krebs
ETC
Total ATP yield:
32 ATPs
