pathway regulators

Question 1

describe how increased insulin impacts the pathways

Answer 1

increases glycolysis

Question 2

describe how increased glucagon impacts the pathways

Answer 2

increases gluconeogenesis

Question 3

describe how increased ATP impacts the pathways

Answer 3

decreases glycolysis and TCA cycle, increases gluconeogenesis

Question 4

describe how increased cortisol impacts the pathways

Answer 4

decreases glycolysis and TCA cycle, increases gluconeogenesis

Question 5

describe how increased fructose-2,6-bisphosphate impacts the pathways

Answer 5

• increases PFK, which stimulates glycolysis
• decreases fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, which inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 6

what inhibits liver PFK1

Answer 6

citrate

Question 7

what inhibits non-liver PFK1

Answer 7

lactate and H+

Question 8

what is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 8

PFK

Question 9

what activates PFK1

Answer 9

AMP, F2,6BP

Question 10

what molecule can override the inhibitory impact of ATP of PFK1?

Answer 10

F2,6BP

Question 11

what happens if PFK2 is dephosphorylated

Answer 11

PFK2 is activated, F6P becomes F2,6BP, which stimulates PFK1

Question 12

what happens if PFK2 is phosphorylated

Answer 12

the kinase is inactivated an dbisphosphatase is activated, F2,6BP levels decrease, and PFK1 is less active