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Fundamentals Of Science > Pathophysiology of inflammation II > Flashcards

Pathophysiology of inflammation II Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main triggers of autoimmune disease?

A

Genetics

Environment

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2
Q

What are the two main phases of adaptive immunity?

A

Induction phase

Effector phase

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3
Q

What is the induction phase?

A

A pathogen is ingested by immature dendritic cells in the infected tissue

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4
Q

What is the role of cytotoxic T-cells?

A

To kill intracellular pathogens

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5
Q

What is the effector phase?

A

Identifies and destroys foreign substances
By:
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

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6
Q

State two types of immunity.

A

Cell mediated immunity

Humoral immunity

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7
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

In the bone marrow, making antibodies

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8
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Mature in the thymus, cell mediated immunity

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9
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

B cells make antibodies

Effective in extracellular fluid

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10
Q

What is cell mediated immunity?

A

Cytotoxic T cells kill intracellular microorganisms

Activate macrophages

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11
Q

List the different types antibodies made by the B cells?

A 
IgG = memory antibodies
IgM = controls B cell activation
IgE = Mediates allergies
IgA = Surface fluids
IgD = Signal for B cell activation
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12
Q

What is constitutional symptoms?

A

A group of symptoms that can affect many different systems of the body.

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13
Q

List the systematic effects of inflammation

A 
Malaise
Fatigue 
Anorexia 
Nausea 
Muscle aches
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14
Q

The effect of the liver (systematic effects of inflammation)

A

Releases acute phase response proteins (C -reactive protein)

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15
Q

What are Pyrogens?

A

They are produced by bacteria and cause fever

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16
Q

Explain the role of M2 macrophages

A

Tissue repair and healing

17
Q

Explain the innate immune system activation.

A

Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the immune cells

18
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

inflammation of the skin

19
Q

What is exudate?

A

Fluid from inflammation that leaks into lungs and pleura

20
Q

Define autoimmune disease

A

Abnormal detection between the body’s own cells and foreign cells causing the body to mistakenly attack its healthy cells

21
Q

Define Fibrosis

A

Fibrosis = Thickening & Scarring of connective tissue as a result of injury

22
Q

List the stages of autoimmune disease

A 
Initiation
Propagation 
Resolution
Propagation 
Resolution
23
Q

What are the benefits of Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medication?

A

Benefits =

Relieve symptoms of inflammation, swelling and loss of function
Reduce tissue damage due to chronic inflammation

24
Q

What are the adverse effects of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medication?

A

Anti-inflammatories may prevent healing
Allowing activity by suppressing pain
Immunosuppressants suppress other inflammatory responses e.g. Infection - which may become severe

25
Q

List the different treatments of hypersensitivity:

A

Anti-histamines
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Monoclonal antibodies
Corticosteroids (multiple actions)

26
Q

Examples of environmental triggers

A

Infection
Microbiome
Tissue injury

27
Q

Examples of genetic triggers

A

Multiple genetic polymorphisms in immune-related genes impair immune regulation

28
Q

List 2 types of auto reactive lymphocytes

A

Autoreactive T cells

Autoreactive B cells

29
Q

How do NSAIDs bring/ inhibit a response?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, preventing the inflammatory pathway

30
Q

How do Corticosteroids bring/ inhibit a response?

A

Decrease production and action of cytokines and eicosanoids

Decrease complement (Effecting fluid exudate)

Cause vasoconstriction
Decreasing the influx and activity of neutrophils

Decrease activity of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells

Reduce fibrosis and angiogenesis

31
Q

2 processes involved in the regulation of inflammation

A

Pro-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory

32
Q

What are DMARDs?

A

Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

are immunosuppressants that reduce immune cell proliferation.

33
Q

What are biologics?

A

synthetic antibodies that target cytokines

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