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Fundamentals Of Science > Cardiac Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiac Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 different types of vascular systems?

A

Closed circulatory system

Vertebrate cardiovascular system

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2
Q

What is a vertebrate cardiovascular system?

A

Multi-chambered heart that contracts to transport blood in a series of vessels.

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3
Q

What are the main types of circulation within the cardiovascular system?

A

Arterial circulation
Venous circulation
Pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

What is the atria responsible for?

A

Responsible for receiving blood from the body (from the vena cava) or lungs (from the pulmonary vein)

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5
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

They pump blood from the heart to the body (LV)

From the heart to the lungs (RV)

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6
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

Cuspid/Atrioventricular valve

A

Mitral valve is in between the LEFT atrium and ventricle.

It regulates the flow of blood from the lungs to into the L. ventricle

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7
Q

Where and what is the role of the brachiocephalic artery?

A

Is one of the three great vessels of the aortic arch, that supplies blood to the right arm, head and neck

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8
Q

What role does the left atria have?

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle

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9
Q

What is the role of the right atria?

A

It received Deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle to the lints for an oxygen supply.

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10
Q

What is the intraventricular septum?

A

The dividing wall between the ventricles

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11
Q

What are the names of the 2 atrioventricular valves on the left and right side?

A

Left = Mitral valve

Right = Tricuspid valve

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12
Q

What purpose does the semilunar valves serve?

A

They prevent the backflow of blood

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13
Q

Where are the semilunar valves?

A

In the ventricles and arteries leaving the heart (aortic and pulmonary valve)

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14
Q

What are the three main cell types in the heart?

A

Cardiomyocytes
Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells

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15
Q

What is the function of cardiomyocytes?

A

The contractile function of the heart that enables the pumping of blood around the body.

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16
Q

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

A

They are responsible for collagen production.

17
Q

What are the 3 craniums of the heart wall?

A

Myocardium
Pericardium
Endocardium

18
Q

When does myocardial perfusion occur?

A

Only occurs during diastole (cardiac relaxation)

19
Q

What is the role of the cardiac arteries?

A

They supply blood throughout the myocardium

20
Q

When does blood fill in the coronary arteries?

A

Blood fills when the arteries are relaxed

21
Q

What is the difference between the left and right coronary arteries?

A

The left = supplies blood to the left side including the Left anteriors descending artery and the circumflex systems

The right = right side (including the SAN, AVN)

22
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Where arteries become clogged with fatty substances (plaques)

23
Q

What is diastole?

A

Filling of blood in the heart.

Its also referred to as the relaxation period

24
Q

What is systole?

A

Pumping of blood in the heart.

Its also known as the contraction phase

25
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle in each beat.

Also, The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

26
Q

What is the ejection fraction (EF)?

What is the EF usually?

A

The % of blood expelled from the left ventricle at each beat.
(Usually 60%)

27
Q

What role does the sinoatrial node have?

A

It initiated the electrical impulses. - stimulates contraction
(In the right atrium)

28
Q

What role does the Atrioventricular node have?

A

The delay node that enables the ventricles to fill with blood

29
Q

What are the bundle branches?

A

The electrical conductance pathway of the heart through the L & R myocardium. This includes the Bundle of His.

30
Q

What are the Purkinje Fibres?

A

They are specialised cardiac myocytes, responsible for translating electrical impulses into a contractile force

31
Q

What does the P wave interval represent?

A

Atrial depolarisation

32
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

33
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repoarisation

34
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO - Heart rate (beats/min) X Stroke volume (ml/beat)

35
Q

Why is the ejection fraction never 100%?

A

There is always some blood remaining in the heart

36
Q

Where does the inferior vena cave bring blood from?

A

The lower limbs and abdomen

37
Q

Where does the superior vena cave bring blood from?

A

From the upper limbs, eyes and neck

Fundamentals Of Science (27 decks)

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