Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology I > Pathophysiology of Diarrhea (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Pathophysiology of Diarrhea (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Diarrhea is the increase in ______, ______, and 24-hour volume of feces eliminated (relative to the norm for that species).

A

frequency, fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute diarrhea is <_____ days while chronic diarrhea is >____ days.

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What classification of diarrhea is used only in small animal practice? Why?

A

small vs. large bowel
LA have greater absorptive capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The tip of the intestinal villus has (old/new) cells and is (secretory/absorptive) while the crypts have (old/new) cells and are (secretory/absorptive).

A

old, absorptive
new, secretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(T/F) Only one mechanism is typically for diarrhea.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the 5 mechanisms of diarrhea.

A
  1. abnormal intestinal motility
  2. osmotic diarrhea
  3. malabsorption
  4. increased permeability
  5. hypersecretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diarrhea caused by abnormal intestinal motility can appear as an increase in peristalsis, or _________, or as bacterial overgrowth causing __________.

A

hypermotility
hypomotility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_________ causes giant aboral contractions which leads to hypermotility and therefore, diarrhea.

A

platelet-activating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why can hypermotility leading to diarrhea be a medical emergency?

A

massive dehydration and electrolyte loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Overgrowth of bacteria leads to breakdown of bile salts and secretion of damaging factors which leads to ______ causing diarrhea.

A

hypomotility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______ diarrhea occurs when there is an increase in particles in the GI lumen.

A

osmotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(T/F) Osmotic diarrhea is often infectious.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cause of osmotic diarrhea?

A

incorrect mixing of milk replacer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(T/F) Osmotic diarrhea causes no inflammation or damage to the gut.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______ diarrhea usually occurs with villous atrophy.

A

malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In malabsorption diarrhea, villous atrophy loses the ________ capacity of the intestines.

A

absorptive

17
Q

What disease causes malabsorption diarrhea?

A

viral enteritis

18
Q

(T/F) Malabsorption diarrhea is seen grossly with bloody mucus.

A

False - no blood

19
Q

Which mechanism of diarrhea causes significant inflammation?

A

increased permeability

20
Q

What are the 4 different causes of increased permeability leading to diarrhea?

A
  1. bacterial
  2. viral
  3. autoimmune
  4. neoplastic
21
Q

Due to the significant inflammation in diarrhea via increased permeability, there is (active/passive) leakage into the GI lumen creating ________.

A

passive
exudate

22
Q

Grossly, diarrhea from increased permeability is called:

A

dysentery (bloody feces)

23
Q

In small animals, dysentery is classified further as ________, if damaged small intestine, and _________, if damaged large intestine.

A

melena
hematochezia

24
Q

_______ cause intestinal damage, such as Salmonella, leading to increased permeability and therefore, diarrhea.

A

infectious agents

25
Q

(T/F) Increased permeability leading to diarrhea can be caused by both infectious and non-infectious agents.

A

True

26
Q

What are two non-infectious agents that can cause increased permeability and therefore, diarrhea?

A

intestinal lymphoma
IBD

27
Q

In _________ diarrhea, there is nothing physically wrong with the GI tract, just an increase in secretion rate.

A

hypersecretion

28
Q

Hypersecretion diarrhea occurs when ________ increase secretion.

A

crypts

29
Q

What mediates hypersecretion mechanism of diarrhea?

A

cAMP

30
Q

___________ in neonate livestock causes hypersecretion diarrhea via toxin secretion which upregulate cAMP.

A

colibacillosis

31
Q

How does hypersecretion diarrhea appear grossly?

A

very watery

32
Q

What two things are important to do on a physical exam of a patient with diarrhea?

A

abdominal palpation
rectal palpation

33
Q

What laboratory tests should be used to assess hydration?

A

hematocrit, total protein

34
Q

Typically, you want to pursue radiographs for (acute/chronic) diarrhea which is more life-threatening.

A

chronic

Bacteriology I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions