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Bacteriology I > Enterobacterales (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Enterobacterales (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The order Enterobacteriacae is made up of (gram-positive/gram-negative) (rods/cocci/spirochetes).

A

gram-negative rods

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2
Q

Enterobacteriacae are oxidase (negative/positive).

A

negative

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3
Q

What is the classification of Enterobacteriacae in terms of what oxygen conditions they grow best?

A

facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

All species within Enterobacteriacae ferment _______ while only some ferment _______.

A

glucose
lactose

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5
Q

Where is the normal location for Enterobacterales?

A

GI tract

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6
Q

Enterobacterales typically have (systemic/local) effects.

A

systemic

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7
Q

What is the route of transmission for Enterobacteriaceae?

A

fecal-oral contamination

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8
Q

What two ways do Enterobacteriaceae have antibiotic resistance?

A
  1. ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases)
  2. R-factor plasmids
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9
Q

Of the family Enterobacteriaceae, what four genera are commonly isolated from diseases in vet med?

A
  1. Escherichia
  2. Klebsiella
  3. Salmonella
  4. Proteus
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10
Q

What diagnostic test is used for Enterobacteriacae?

A

triple sugar iron agar (TSI)

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11
Q

_______ agar is selective against gram positive bacteria, and therefore used to help identify Enterobacteriacae.

A

macconkey

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12
Q

Which agar is selective for Salmonella? Which two allow enrichment for Salmonella (growth advantage)?

A

brilliant green

selenite broth
tetrathionate broth

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13
Q

IMViC tests separate _______ from other fecal source bacteria in water analysis based on metabolic products.

A

Escherichia coli

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14
Q

What 4 tests does a IMViC include?

A
  1. indole
  2. methyl red
  3. voges-proskauer
  4. citrate
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15
Q

List the 4 varying surface antigens of Enterobacteriaceae family.

A

O, H, K, F

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16
Q

The variations of O, H, K, and F surface antigens on Enterobacteriaceae determine different ________.

A

serotypes

17
Q

Match each surface antigen to its description:

  1. flagella
  2. capsule
  3. fimbria/pili
  4. region 1 of LPS
A
  1. H
  2. K
  3. F
  4. O
18
Q

(T/F) Enterobacteriaceae usually do not cause disease.

A

True

19
Q

What kind of diseases are most commonly caused by Enterobacteriaceae?

A

GI disease

20
Q

Clinical signs are very similar between genus and species of Enterobacteriaceae unless _______ are present.

A

exotoxins

21
Q

What two methods are used to help diagnose Enterobacteriaceae?

A
  1. TSI agar
  2. oxidase test
22
Q

(T/F) Bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae have highly reactive LPS/endotoxin which causes similar disease manifestations.

A

True

23
Q

(T/F) There is high variation in surface structures leading to “variants” of Enterobacteriaceae.

A

True

24
Q

Which species of Enterobacteriaceae is pathogenic and a significant animal and human health concern due to widespread outbreaks?

A

Escherichia coli

25
Q

What 3 species of Enterobacteriaceae are present with fecal contamination of water?

A

Escherichia
Enterobacter
Klebsiella

26
Q

All _______ of E. coli worsen infection.

A

exotoxin / enterotoxin

27
Q

What are the 2 types of exotoxins of E. coli?

A
  1. enterotoxins
  2. shiga toxins
28
Q

_______ are secreted by live bacteria into the cell directly or into the circulation.

A

exotoxins

29
Q

What do endotoxins, secreted after bacteria die, induce?

A

systemic inflammatory effect

30
Q

Which exotoxin of E. coli is cytotoxic, and therefore, has concern for endothelial damage?

A

shiga toxin

31
Q

Regarding enterotoxins of E. coli, there are two types: _____ toxin is small peptide which is non-immunogenic while _______ toxin is an AB type protein than is immunogenic.

A

stable
labile

32
Q

Grossly, what do shiga toxins cause?

A

bloody diarrhea

33
Q

Enterotoxins cause hypersecretion of ________ and _______ in the small intestine.

A

water
electrolytes

34
Q

Heat-labile enterotoxins activate ________ which generates ______, causing hypersecretion in the small intestine.

A

adenylyl cyclase
cAMP

35
Q

Heat-stabile enterotoxins have two units, STa which activates _______ and hypersecretion, and STb which causes ion imbalance, ________ production, and disruption of barrier function leading to hypersecretion.

A

guanylyl cyclase
prostaglandins

36
Q

What do the following tests look for?

Ligated gut loop test
Infant mouse test
Y-1 mouse adrenal cell test
PCR

A

production of enterotoxin

37
Q

(T/F) Shiga toxin is an AB toxin and the A domain is the active form.

A

True

38
Q

What does STEC stand for?

A

shiga toxin producing E. coli

Bacteriology I (15 decks)

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