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First Aid Reproductive Chapter > Pathology - Pregnancy Complications > Flashcards

Pathology - Pregnancy Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What is Placental abruption (abruptio placentae)

A

Premature separation (partial or complete) of placenta from uterine wall before delivery of infant.

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for placental abruption? (5)

A 
trauma (eg, motor vehicle accident)
smoking, 
hypertension
preeclampsia
cocaine abuse
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3
Q

What presents with sudden-onset, painful bleeding (concealed or apparent) in third trimester; possible DIC, maternal shock, fetal distress. Life threatening for mother and fetus.

A

Placental Abruption - abruptio placentae

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4
Q

What is Placenta accreta?

A

placenta attaches to myometrium without penetrating it; most common type.

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5
Q

What is Placenta increta?

A

placenta penetrates into myometrium.

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6
Q

What is Placenta percreta?

A

placenta penetrates (“perforates”) through myometrium and into uterine serosa (invades entire uterine wall)

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7
Q

What causes Placenta accreta/increta/precreta?

A

Defective decidual layer -> abnormal attachment and separation after delivery.

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for Placenta accreta/increta/precreta? (3)

A

prior C-section, inflammation, placenta previa.

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9
Q

What placental issue can result in placental attachment to rectum or bladder.

A

Placenta Percreta

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10
Q

What placental issue is most common type?

A

Placenta Accreta

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11
Q

What presents with: often detected on ultrasound prior to delivery. No separation of placenta after delivery postpartum bleeding

A

Placenta Accreta/increta/accreta

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12
Q

What can Placenta Accreta/increta/accreta cause?

A

Sheehan Syndrome

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13
Q

What is Placenta previa

A

Attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment over (or

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14
Q

What are risk factors for Placenta previa? (2)

A

multiparity, prior C-section.

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15
Q

How does Placenta Previa present?

A

painless third-trimester bleeding

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16
Q

What is Vasa Previa?

A

Fetal vessels run over, or in close proximity

to, cervical os.

17
Q

What may result in vessel rupture, exsanguination -> fetal death.

A

Vasa Previa

18
Q

What is the Vasa Previa Triad?

A

Presents with triad of membrane rupture
painless vaginal bleeding
fetal bradycardia

19
Q

Treatment for Vasa Previa?

A

Emergency C-Section

20
Q

What is a velamentous umbilical cord insertion

A

Cord inserts in chorioamniotic membrane rather than placenta fetal vessels travel to placenta unprotected by Wharton jelly

21
Q

What is associated with a velamentous umbilical cord insertion?

A

Vasa Previa

22
Q

What are the 4 Ts of postpartum hemorrhage?

A

Tone (uterine atony; most common)
Trauma (lacerations, incisions, uterine rupture)
Thrombin (coagulopathy)
Tissue (retained products of conception).

23
Q

Most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Most often in ampulla of fallopian tube

24
Q

Ectopic pregnancy can frequently be misdiagnosed as what?

A

acute appendicitis

25
Q

what imaging is used to confirm ectopic pregnancy?

A

ultrasound

26
Q

When should you suspect ectopic pregnancy?

A

Suspect with history of amenorrhea, lower-than-expected rise in hCG based on dates, and sudden lower abdominal pain

27
Q

Key risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Scarring secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease

28
Q

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? (5)

A 
Prior ectopic pregnancy 
History of infertility
ƒSalpingitis (PID)
ƒRuptured appendix
ƒPrior tubal surgery
29
Q

Fetal malformations that cause polyhydramnios?

A

esophageal/duodenal atresia, anencephaly; both result in inability to swallow amniotic fluid

30
Q

What other risk factors are there for polyhydramnios (3)

A

maternal diabetes, fetal anemia, multiple gestations.

31
Q

What are the causes of oligohydramnios? (3)

A

placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves (in males)

32
Q

What can occur with oligohydramnios?

A

Potter Sequence

First Aid Reproductive Chapter (13 decks)

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