Pathology - Ovarian Cysts Flashcards
What is hypothesized to cause PCOS?
Hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance
Another name for PCOS?
Stein- Leventhal syndrome
Mechanism by which Hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance cause PCOS?
alter hypothalamic hormonal feedback response -> increased LH:FSH, increased androgens (eg, testosterone) from theca interna cells, decreased rate of follicular maturation -> unruptured follicles (cysts) + anovulation
What presents with menorrhea/oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, fertility and enlarged bilateral ovaries?
PCOS
What is PCOS associated with?
Obesity
PCOS increases risk of what and why?
endometrial cancer 2° to unopposed estrogen from repeated anovulatory cycles.
Treatment for PCOS? (5)
weight reduction, OCPs, clomiphene citrate, ketoconazole, spironolactone.
What is a Follicular Cyst?
Distention of unruptured graafian follicle.
What are follicular cysts associated with? (2)
May be associated with hyperestrogenism, endometrial hyperplasia.
What is a Theca-Lutein Cyst?
Often bilateral/multiple. Due to gonadotropin stimulation.
What is associated with Theca-Lutein Cyst? (2)
Associated with choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform moles.
Most common ovarian mass in a young woman?
follicular cyst
