Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 GI > Pathology of the Biliary Tract and Pancreas > Flashcards

Pathology of the Biliary Tract and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

hard stone-like or gravel like material formed within the biliary system - most commonly the gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in normal bile

A

Micelles of cholesterol, phospholipids, bile salts and bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated

A

Gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is bile released into

A

By CCK into the 2nd part of the duodenum through the common bile duct and the ampulla of Vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do gallstones form

A

When there is an imbalance in the ratio of cholesterol to bile salts disrupting micelles formation
Leads to crystallisation of cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are risk factors for galls tones

A 
Cholesterol excess in bile 
females 
obesity 
diabetes 
genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes pigment stones

A

Excess bilirubin cannot be solubilised in bile salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the risk factors for pigment stones

A

Excess bilirubin due to excess haemolysis eg. haemolytic anaemia
Most gallstones are a mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gallstones cause __ and ___of the biliary lining

A

Infection and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of Gallbladder
Usually associated with Gallstones
Acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What s acute cholecystitis

A

Gallstones obstruction outflow of bile

Initially sterile but can then become infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What could come complications of acute cholecystitis be

A

May cause empyema, rupture, peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What WBC is associated with ACUTE inflammation

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a main feature of chronic cholecystitis

A

Gallbladder wall is thickened but not distended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What carcinoma do you get in the gall bladder and how common is it
What organ does it invade

A

Adenocarcinoma
Rare
associated with gall stones
causes local invasion of the live r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What carcinoma do you get in the bile duct
common or rare
how does it present

A 
Rare 
cholangiocarcinoma 
associated with UC and PSC 
presents with obstructive jaundice 
type of adenocarcinoma
17
Q

How does acute pancreatitis present

A

Adults
Sudden onset severe and abdominal pain
Patients may be shocked
Elevated serum amylase

18
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis

A 
Alcohol 
Cholelithiasis (gall stones) 
Shock 
Mumps 
Hyperparathyriodism 
Hypothermia 
Trauma 
Iatrogenic
19
Q

How can gallstones cause acute pancreatitis

A

Bile duct obstruction
damage to spinchter of odd
causes pancreatic duct epithelial cell injury

20
Q

Hoe can lytic pancreatic enzymes cause acute pancreatitis

A

Release into pancreas causing fat necrosis

causes tissue destruction and haemorrhage

21
Q

Complications of acute pancreatitis

A 
death 
shock
pseudocyst formation 
abscess formation 
hypocalcemia 
hyperglycemia
22
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis

A

Following bouts of acute pancreatitis

Can form a fibrosis mass mimicking a tumour at the head of the pancreas

23
Q

What causes chronic pancreatitis

A 
Alcohol 
Cholelirhiasis 
Cystic fibrosis 
Hyperparathyroidism 
Familial
24
Q

Pathology of chronic pancreatitis

A

Replacement fo pancreas by chronic inflammation and scar tissue
distraction of exocrine acini and islets

25
Q

What causes carcinoma of the pancreas

A

Aetiology unknown

26
Q

What are pancreas carcinomas associated with

A

Smoking
Diabetes
Familial pancreatitis
Poor prognosis

27
Q

How to treat carcinoma of the pancreas

A

Surgery
VERY risky
Only done on those who are very fit

28
Q

How can patients with a carcinoma at the head of the pancreas present if it constricts the common bile duct

A

Painless jaundice

29
Q

How does an adenocarcinoma of the pancreas kill you

A
  1. Direct spread to other organs eg. duodenum, stomach, spleen
  2. spread to local lymph notes
  3. haematogenous spread to liver

Y1 GI (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions