Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 GI > Metabolism of the Liver > Flashcards

Metabolism of the Liver Flashcards

1
Q

why is poo brown

A

it’s full of bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What colour is stool in end stage liver disease

A

White

liver isn’t breaking down things into bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Principle roles of the liver

A 
First destination of most neutrinos and xenobiotics absorbed from GI tract 
Bile production 
Elimination of unwanted molecules 
secretion of plasma proteins 
secretion of important molecules 
Regulation of metabolism 
-carb and lipid metabolism (fuel) 
-amino acid metabolism (urea cycle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what plasma proteins are metabolised in the liver

A 
Albumin 
alpha globulin 
beta globulin 
gamma globulin 
immunoglobumins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main functions of plasma proteins

A 
maintenance of oncotic or colloid osmotic pressure 
-dont exit into interstitial fluid 
-prevents loss of plasma proteins 
Transport of hydrophobic substances 
pH buffering 
Enzymatic (blood clotting) 
Immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of alpha globulins

A

transport lipoproteins, lipids, hormones and bilirubin
retinol binding protein
transports vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of beta globulins

A 
Transferrin 
-transports iron 
-levels an indicator of iron deficiency 
Fibrinogen 
-inactive form of fibrin 
-clotting of blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of albumin

A

Main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure

Transporter functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which plasma protein is the most abundant

A

albumin - 50% of all plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is albumin synthesised

A

the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what stimulates albumin synthesis

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are albumin levels low

A

In liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What decreases levels of albumin

A

starvation/ low protein diet decreases levels of albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the transport functions of albumin

A

Multiple binding sites for hydrophobic molecules

transports endogenous lipophilic substances
-fatty acids, bilirubin, thyroid hormones
transports exogenous substances
-drugs like aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is iron transported

A

as ferric ion Fe3+ bound to transferrin (beta globulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is iron bound to when it is stored in cells

A

Ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An example of copper deficiency

A

Wilson’s disease

18
Q

What is copper bound to when transported in blood

A

ceruloplasmin

19
Q

What controls the transport and stability of steroid hormones in the blood

A

specific transport molecules eg.
thyroid-binding globulin
cortisol binding globulin

20
Q

What are lipoproteins

A

hydrophobic proteins allowing the transport and solubilisation of lipids as low density lipoprotein protein particles

21
Q

What is the shell surrounding lipoproteins made of

A 
polar lipids (phospholipids) 
apoproteins
22
Q

Role of lipoproteins in the rest system

A

Production and secretion of surfactant

23
Q

What are chylomicron lipoproteins

A

found in intestine

transport exogenous fat to liver

24
Q

VLDL origin and function

A

Liver

transport of exogenous fat to peripheral cells

25
Q

IDL origin and function

A

VLDL

LDL precursor

26
Q

LDL function and origin

A

VLDL, ILDL, Liver

transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues

27
Q

HDL origin and function

A

Intestine and liver

Transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver

28
Q

What vitamins are stored in the liver

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Also iron (from breakdown of Hb)

29
Q

What is cholesterol

A

component of cell membranes which increase rigidity

30
Q

What is cholesterol a precursor for

A
  • bile acids
  • steroid hormones
  • vitamin D
31
Q

How much circulating cholesterol is in free form

A

30%

32
Q

How is most cholesterol circulated

A

As esterified to a variety of long-chain fatty acids

33
Q

What causes cholesterol to be solubilised

A

incorporation into lipoproteins

34
Q

How is cholesterol stored

A

As lipid droplets

35
Q

Where does cholesterol synthesis start (step 1)

A

Acetyl-CoA
NADPH -reducing power
ATP -energy

36
Q

Where is cholesterol synthesised

A

cytoplasm of virtually all human cells

Mainly liver

37
Q

What is HMG-CoA reductase

A

Rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol

can be a target for statins

38
Q

What is the role of vitamin D

A

made from cholesterol

regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism

39
Q

What vitamin D is most abundant

A

Vitamin D3

40
Q

What steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol

A

Corticosteriods
Androgens
Estrogens

41
Q

What is the precursor for bile salts

A

Cholesterol

Y1 GI (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions