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PATHOLOGY RESPIRATORY > Pathology of oral cavity > Flashcards

Pathology of oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

One word

Single or multiple, shallow, mucosal ulcerations that are common, often recurreny and painful.

A

Aphthous ulcers (Canker sores)

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2
Q

Aphthous ulcers can be associated with which disorders?

A

Immunologic disorders e.g Inflammatory bowel disease

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3
Q

The Aphthous ulcers affect which patients for a long time?

A

Immunocompromised patients

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4
Q

True or False
The Aphthous ulcers usually self-resolves in a week but may persists for longer especially in HIV patients

A

True

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5
Q

What causes the oral herpes

A

HSV-1

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6
Q

HPV-2 causes what?

A

Genital herpes

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7
Q

In Children the oral herpes usually persists as what?

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (Usually 2-4 yo)

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8
Q

In children the oral herpes presents with what?/ characteristics of oral herpes in children

A

Vesicles and ulceration of the oral mucosa

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9
Q

In adults the oral herpes usually presents as what?

A

Acute herpes pharyngitis

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10
Q

After acute infection of oral herpes what happens to virus?

A

The virus treks along regional nerves and becomes latent within local ganglia

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11
Q

Reactivation of the HPV-1 results to what?

A

Reactivation results in recurrent herpetic stomatitis

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12
Q

The oral herpes in immunocompromised patients can persists as what?

A

Chronic mucocutaneous infection

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13
Q

The most common fungal infections of oral cavity?

A

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

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14
Q

Thrush refers to what?

A

Pseudomembranous of oral candidiasis

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15
Q

what is meant by pseudomembranous form of oral candidiasis?

A

Superficial gray-white inflammatory membrane composed of matted organisms in a fibrinosuppurative exudate that can be scrapped off, showing an erythematous inflammatory base

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16
Q

is oral candidiasis invasive?

A

Usually not invasive except on the setting of immunosuppression

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17
Q

`

Oral lesion can be seen where?

A

Blood dyscrasias

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18
Q

examples where oral lesion can be seen?

A

Folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency

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19
Q

List examples of mucocutaneous disorders

A

Lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus, chemotherapy

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20
Q

List oral manifestation of systemic disorders

A

Oral lesion
Mucocutaneous diseases

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21
Q

one word

This is a severe, acute streptococcal cellulitis involving the neck, tongue and back of the throat.

A

Ludwig’s angina

22
Q

Vincent’s angina is painful condition of what?

A

throat

23
Q

the vincent’s angina is characterised by ?

A

Local ulceration of tonsils, mouth and pharynx

24
Q

Causative organism of vincent’s angina

A

Vincent’s bacillus

25
Q

is diphtheria a communicable or non-communicable disease?

A

communicable disease

26
Q

diphtheria is casued by what?

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

27
Q

Diphtheria usually occurs in children and results in the formation of what?

A

a yellowish-grey pseudomembrane in the mucosa of nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils, larynx and trachea

28
Q

Tonsilitis is caused by which organisms

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci

29
Q

The tonsilitis that is characterised by enlargement, redness and inflammation

A

Acute tonsils

30
Q

Chronic tonsilitis is caused by what?

A

is caused by repeated attacks of acute tonsilitis in which case the tonsils are small and fibrosed

31
Q

A condition that occurs as a complication of acute tonsilitis

A

Peritonsilitis abscess (Quinsy)

32
Q

The similarities between tonsilitis and peritonsilitis abscess

A

The causative organisms staphylococci or streptococci which are associated with infection of the tonsils

33
Q

Formation of abscess in the soft tissue between posterio wall of the pharynx and the vertebral column is called what?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

34
Q

The spectrum of squmous lesion includes?

A

Malignant
Benign
premalignant

35
Q

Most common benign epithelial neoplasm in the oral cavity, usually in adults

A

Squamous papilloma

36
Q

The squamous papilloma is associated with low risk HPV subtypes?

A

HPV 6 and 11

37
Q

Microscopic appearance of squamous papilloma

A

Exophytic papillary proliferation of hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium with branching fibrovascular core. Should not have dyplasia

38
Q

The white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other disease

A

Leukoplakia

39
Q

Squmous epithelium lesion in leukoplakia is characterised by ?

A

5-25% are pregmalignant, all leukoplakia are considered premalignant until otherwise proven by histologic evaluation

40
Q

Histology of leukoplakia

A

Spectrum of epithelium change form hyperkeratosis to severe dysplasia

41
Q

red velvet area within oral cavity (+/- erosions)

A

Erythroplakia

42
Q

Histology appearance of Erythroplakia

A

Almost all display severe display, carcinoma in-situ or minimally invasive carcinoma

43
Q

Is Erythroplakia related to which lifestyle

A

Often related to tobacco use

44
Q

Squmous Cell Carcinoma account for how much?

A

95% of all head or neck

45
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Multifactorial, depends partly on tumour location. A growing proportion have no known risk factors

46
Q

what causes SCC in oropharynx ?

A

High risk human papillomavirus infections (HPV 16)

47
Q

what causes SCC in oral cavity?

A

Smoked tobacco, alcohol, chewing of betel quid (India and Asia)

48
Q

what causes SCC in lower lip?

A

Actinic radiation (sun exposure) and pipe smoking

49
Q

clinical features of SCC

A

Clinical features: Male preponderance. Patients with HPV-positive SCC tend to be younger and have
better long term survival compared to non-HPV associated SCC. Multiple primary tumours can occur
due to “field cancerisation”, often with worse outcomes, necessitating early detection

50
Q

explain the Gross appearance of SCC

A
  • Gross: HPV-associated SCC tend to be easily overlooked small primary tumours but accompanied by
    significantly enlarged cervical lymph nodes, while non-HPV associated SCC appear as raised firm
    plaques or roughed areas of mucosal thickening that can enlarge to form ulcerated masses with
    indurated borders +/- background leukoplakia or erythroplakia
51
Q

Explain the microscopic appearance of SCC

A

Microscopy: HPV-associated SCC are non-keratinizing SCC – nests and lobules of basaloid cells
which are p16 immunostain positive. Non-HPV associated SCC tend to bekeratinizing SCC that may
begin as dysplastic lesions

PATHOLOGY RESPIRATORY (27 decks)

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