pathology of neuroendocrine tumors

Question 1

small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas is often associated with ____ and most common in the

Answer 1

ectopic ACTH and most common in the lung and GU (small intestine > colon > stomach)

Question 2

___________ is the most specific shared NE marker

Answer 2

Chromogranin A

Question 3

Insular, trabecular or solid architecture, readily visible cytoplasm. Smooth, round-to-oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin (“salt & pepper nuclei”)

Answer 3

Well differentiated NETs

Question 4

Well-differentiated NETs often highly express receptors for ___________, which can be targets for both imaging and treatment

Answer 4

somatostatin

Question 5

Carcinoid syndrome usually develops only after ____________ have occurred. Occasional exception is with ___________

Answer 5

Carcinoid syndrome usually develops only after liver metastases have occurred. al exception is with primary ovarian NET

Question 6

At least 15 NE cell types distributed in different parts of the GI tract, defined by different peptide or amine secretory products.
the most common is ____ attributable mostly to serotonin

Answer 6

carcinoid syndrome

Question 7

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is associated with which hormone?

Answer 7

gastrin

Question 8

Watery diarrhea-hypokalemia-achlorhydria (Werner-Morrison Syndrome) is associated with which hormone?

Answer 8

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Question 9

Midgut NETs often kink the bowel by producing _____________

Answer 9

fibrogenic substances

Question 10

Likelihood of metastasis correlates with presence or absence of function and with specific hormone

Answer 10

apparently so

Question 11

Most frequent site of small cell NE carcinoma with ectopic ACTH

Answer 11

Bronchopulmonary NETS

~2 % of primary lung tumors
~2 % of primary mediastinal tumors
Tend to be higher grade and more aggressive than GEP NETS