Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
diabetes results in (2)
hyperglycemi a and dyslipidemia
a low HbA1c rules out diabetes
nope completely false. it has moderate sensitivity for hyperglycemia
amplifiers of insulin secretion
work on cAMP to decrease glucagon and decrease gastric emptying time
______ are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels.____________ are released after eating and augment the secretion of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans by a blood glucose-dependent mechanism.
Incretins
incretin analog
GLP-1
MODY
monogenic form of type 1DM
such as glucokinase variant
islet amyloid deposition leads to a _______ in beta cell mass
decrease due to the amyloid deposition in islet is cytotoxic to beta cells
endogenous secretion of insulin is secreted with (2)
- C-peptide
2. amylin
most patients with type 1 DM do not have a first-degree relative with the diseas e
yep
pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes
immune dysregulation
symptomatic type 1 diabetes
beta cell destruction and insulin deficiency
Islet autoantibodies _______future type 1 diabetes
predict
what type of viruses is involved with possible development of DM?
which congenital virus is associated with DM?
enterovirus
- congenital= rubella
Fewer early life exposures to infections or other immune challenges leads to impaired immune-regulation because of inadequate training of immune system.
hygiene hypothesis
type 1 assoicated with other autoimmune diseases
hypothyroidism, celiac and adrenal insufficiency (21-hydroxylases)
