adrenal cortical disease

Question 1

adrenal insufficiency

Answer 1

hypocorticolism

Question 2

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 2

hypercortisolism

Question 3

addison’s disease

Answer 3

primary hyporcotisolism and aldosterone is also low

Question 4

what is the central alteration in adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 4

cardiovascular effects

Question 5

adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed by

Answer 5

cortisol stimulation

Question 6

adrenal insufficiency treatmnent

Answer 6

glucocorticoud and mineralocorticoid replacement

Question 7

is you have adrenal insufficiency and your under major stress what do we need to do for your medications?

Answer 7

double the dose of glucocorticoid disesase

Question 8

primary hypofunction of the adrenal

Answer 8

intrinsic adrenal abn. such as addison’s disease

Question 9

secondary hypofunction of the adrenal

Answer 9

abm. of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 10

Progressive destruction of fasciculata, reticularis and then glomerulosa. Relative sparing of medulla

Answer 10

Addison’s disease

Question 11

in secondary adrenal insufficiency how is the aldosteron?

Answer 11

aldosterone is normal since the glomerulosa is spared

Question 12

Adrenal atrophy in Cushing’s spares the zona

Answer 12

glomerulosa and medulla!`

Question 13

__________________ usually shows diffusely thickened cortex with streaks and patches of yellow, lipid-containing cells and brown lipid-depleted cells. Small nodules (→) can be superimposed (“diffuse & nodular hyperplasia”)

Answer 13

ACTH-dependent hyperplasia

Question 14

Benign
Encapsulated
May be functional or non-functional
Incidental adenomas usually non- functional
Hyperaldosteronism>Cushings>virilization
Any age, F>M

Answer 14

adenoma

Question 15

Malignant
Poor prognosis (5-survival with metastases ~ 0).
Invade adrenal vein and lymphatics.
Mets to liver, lungs, retroperitoneum, nodes …
May be functional or non functional: 50/50
Pain, mass, weight loss, fever with larger tumors
Any age, (peak 4th and 5th decades), F>M (58% female

Answer 15

carcinoma

Question 16

Deficiencies of steroidogenic enzymes Most common

Answer 16

21-hydroxylase def

Question 17

21-hydroxylase def results in (4)

Answer 17

1. decreased corticosteroids leading to increases ACTH
2. adremnal corticol hyperplasia
3. decreased mineralocorticoides
4. increased androgens

Question 18

Consist of intra-adrenal adipose and hematopoietic tissue

Answer 18

myelolipoma

Question 19

Consists of enlarged, mitochondria-rich cortical cells. Non- or minimally functional

Answer 19

oncocytoma