hypothalamus and pituitary anatomy

Question 1

pituitary origin

Answer 1

oral ectoderm which forms the rathke’s puch which then gives rise to the adenohypophysis

Question 2

neurohypophysis comes from the

Answer 2

hypothalamus( infundibilum_

Question 3

_______________ is an “intrasellar arachnocoele” resulting from a defect in the diaphragma sellae

Answer 3

Empty Sella Syndrome

Question 4

Empty Sella Syndrome:

primary and secondary

Answer 4

1. primary: Pituitary compressed but usually functionally normal
2. secondary result from necrosis, infarct or hypophsectomy

Question 5

pituitary cyst:

Lining squamous epithelium with skin appendages

Answer 5

dermoid cyst

Question 6

pituitary cyst:

Lining squamous epithelium

Answer 6

epidermoid cyst

Question 7

Unilocular cysts

Variable lining- squamous, cuboidal, columnar, sometimes ciliated with goblet cells, adenohypophyseal cells in wall

Answer 7

Rathke’s cleft cyst

Question 8

Stalk disruption impairs flow of hypothalamic hormones to ____________.

Answer 8

adenohypophysis

Question 9

Normal adenohypophysis contains a ________________ cell population: “acidophils” “basophils” and “chromophobes”. Adenomas are more ____________

Answer 9

Normal adenohypophysis contains a heterogeneous cell population: “acidophils” “basophils” and “chromophobes”. Adenomas are more homogeneous

Question 10

A “chromophobe” adenoma can be clinically functional or non-functional

Answer 10

yep as well as “acidophil” or “basophil”

Question 11

magnocellular neurons paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei secrete ____________ and ___________ directly into capillaries in the posterior lobe

Answer 11

oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 12

The principal function of AVP is to

Answer 12

increase water reabsorption and to conserve water

Question 13

action of oxytocin

Answer 13

increase smooth muscle contraction

Question 14

parvicellular neurosecretory cells secrete releasing factors into capillaries of the pituitary portal system at the _____________ which are then transported to the anterior pituitary gland to regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones.

Answer 14

median eminence

Question 15

gigantism is due to

Answer 15

increase in growth hormones before the closure of the epithesial plates

Question 16

acromegaly

Answer 16

increase in growth hormones after the closure of the epithesial plates

Question 17

IGF-1

Answer 17

involved in the local process of tissue growth

Question 18

growht hormones is released

Answer 18

during the night

cortisol is also released during sleep

Question 19

receptor binding specificity for glycoprotein hormones of the anterior pituitary is dependent on

Answer 19

Beta subunit

Question 20

The major hormones produced by the _________pituitary are GH, TSH, LH, FSH, ACTH and prolactin.

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

The hormones produced by the __________ pituitary are ADH (antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin)and oxytocin.

Answer 21

posterior

Question 22

Diabetes insipidus is most often caused by (2)

Answer 22

insufficient ADH production or

responsiveness

Question 23

Anterior pituitary function is under regulation by the

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

Anterior pituitary hormone release is under feedback inhibition by

Answer 24

peripherally produced hormones

Question 25

Effects of GH on bone growth are mediated by ______ produced by the liver.

Answer 25

IGF-1

Question 26

Only _________ secretion is under negative control by the hypothalamus. The
other anterior pituitary hormones are under positive control by releasing
hormones.

Answer 26

prolactin