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GI- Week 4 & 5 > Pathology of Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Pathology of Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polyp?

A

A protrusion above an epithelial surface

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2
Q

Is a polyp always classed as a tumour?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Is a polyp benign or malignant?

A

Can be either

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4
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for a colonal polyp?

A
  1. Adenoma
  2. Serrated polyp- premalignant falt lesion of the colon
  3. Polypoid carcinoma
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5
Q

What does a pendunculated polyp mean?

A

any polyp that is attached to the base tissue by a slender stalk

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6
Q

Polyps sent for histopathology will show a dysplastic epithelial lining. T/F?

A

True

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7
Q

Adenoma’s of the colon are usually malignant and metastasise. T/F?

A

False- benign and local dysplasia.

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8
Q

Adenomas of the colon can be structurally seen in what 3 types?

A
  1. Tubular
  2. Villous
  3. Tubulovillous
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9
Q

An adenoma is called a _ when it becomes invasive.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

What are the two methods of removing a polyp?

A
  1. Endoscopy
  2. Surgery
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11
Q

Inherited tumours and serrated adenomas have different genetic pathways. T/F?

A

True

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12
Q

Explain Dukes A,B,C staging in colorectal cancer.

A

A- Confined by muscurlaris propria.

B- Through muscularis propria

C- Metastasis to lymph nodes

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13
Q

Colorectal carcinoma is more commonly right sided than left sided. T/F?

A

False- Left sided in 75% cases

Rectum, sigmoid, descending affected

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14
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of L sided colorectal carcinoma?

A
  1. Rectal bleeding
  2. Obstruction
  3. Altered bowel habbit
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15
Q

What structures are affected in a right sided colorectal carcinoma?

A

Caecum, Ascending

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16
Q

Presenting symptoms of R sided colorectal carcinoma?

A

Anaemia & Weight loss

17
Q

Colorectal carcinoma can be polypoid, stricturing or ulcerating in appearance. T/F?

A

True

18
Q

Locally invasive Colorecatal carcinoma usually invades which structures? (2)

A
  • Mesorectum
  • Peritnoeum
  • Other ograns
19
Q

Which lymph nodes are usually taken over by nodal spread of Colorectal carcinoma?

A

Mesenteric lymph nodes

20
Q

Which organ is most commonly affected by metastatic spread of Colorectal carcinoma?

A

Liver

21
Q

What are the two inherited cancer syndromes?

A
  1. Hereditary Non polyposis Coli (HNPCC)
  2. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
22
Q

What are the differences in symptom onset between HNPCC and FAP?

A

HNPCC- Late onset

FAP- Early onset

23
Q

HNPCC are FAP are both autosomal dominant conditions. T/F?

A

True

24
Q

What are the differences between HNPCC and FAP in terms of the number of Polyps found?

A

HNPCC < 100

FAP > 100

GI- Week 4 & 5 (15 decks)

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