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GI- Week 4 & 5 > Clinical Anatomy of bleeding in GI tract > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of bleeding in GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main contents of the large intestine? Label the diagram

A

1. Colon

2. Rectum

3. Anal Canal

4. Anus

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2
Q

What are the contents of the colon? (6) Label the diagram

A

1. Appendix

2. Caecum

3. Ascending colon

4. Transverse “

5. Descending “

6. Sigmoid “

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3
Q

Describe the relationships of the following structures with the peritoneum

  1. Transverse colon
  2. Ascending & Descending colon
  3. Sigmoid colon
  4. Caecum
A
  1. Intraperitoneal
  2. secondary retroperitoneal
  3. Intraperitoneal
  4. Intraperitoneal
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4
Q

Define the paracolic gutters.

A

Spaces found between the ascending/descending colon and the abdominal wall.

Forms part of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

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5
Q

What are the 3 distinguishing features of the colon?

A
  1. Teniae coli- 3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle running throughout the whole colon.
  2. Omental appendices- fatty projections
  3. Haustra- small pouches formed by sac formation
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6
Q

The caecum and ileum both lie in what region of the pubic area?

A

Right ilac fossa

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7
Q

What anatomical structure is found in Mcburney’s point?

A

Appendiceal orifice

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8
Q

The _ colon is found in the left ilac fossa.

A

Sigmoid

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9
Q

While the sigmoid colon is very mobile as it surrounded by a _, it can twist around itself, formally known as sigmoid _

A

Mesentery

Volvulus - can result in bowel obstruction/infection

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10
Q

What are the three midline branches of the abdominal aorta and which parts of the gut do each of them supply?

A

1. Celiac trunk- Foregut

2. Superior mesenteric artery- midgut

3. Inferior mesenteric artery- hindgut

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11
Q

After its midline branches, the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the _ ilacs, before branching into the _ and _ ilac arteries.

A

Common- this occurs at L4.

Internal & External

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12
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is found at which vertebral level?

A

L1

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13
Q

The superior mesenteric artery branches into what?

A
  1. Inferior pancreato-duodenal artery
  2. Middle colic artery
  3. Right colic “
  4. Ileocolic branches
  5. Appendicular artery
  6. Jejunal & ileal artery
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14
Q

Compared to the ileum, the jejunum has a longer vasa rectae and larger and fewer arcades. T/F?

A

True

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15
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery? What vetebral level is the inferior mesenteric found at?

A
  1. Left colic artery
  2. Sigmoid arteries
  3. Superior rectal artery

L3

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16
Q

What does the Marginal artery of Drummond refer to? Why is it signifacant?

A

Area of anastamoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric artery.

Can help prevent intestinal ischaemia, by providing an alternative route to the occluded area.

17
Q

Identify the vessel shown in this images

A

Superior mesenteric artery

18
Q

Identify the vessel shown in this image.

A

Inferior mesenteric

19
Q

The rectum and anal canal is mainly supplied by which artery?

A

Superior rectal

Hingut- extends to proximal half of anal canal.

Remainder of GI tract supplied by internal ilac artery

20
Q

What are the two main venous systems of the body?

A
  1. Hepatic portal venous system (hepatic portal vein)
  2. Systemic venous system (SVC,IVC)
21
Q

The IVC drains blood from the _ vein, while the HPV drains blood from the _ .

A
  1. Hepatic veins
  2. Foregut, hindgut, midgut structures
22
Q

Which veins are responsible for draining blood from the foregut, midgut and hindgut structures into the HPV?

A
  1. Foregut- Splenic vein
  2. Midgut- Superior mesenteric vein
  3. Hindgut- Inferior mesenteric vein- drains blood to Splenic vein first which then drains into HPV.
23
Q

What are the 3 important areas of portal-systemic anastamoses?

A
  1. Distal end of oesophagus
  • Inferior part drains into HPV
  • Superior part drains- Azygous vein
  1. Skin around umbilicus- paraumbilical and epigastric vein.
  • Paraumbilical- drains to HPV
  • Epigastric- drains to caval system
  1. Rectum/anal canal
  • Rectum & superior anal canal- drain to Inferior mesenteric vein
  • Inferior part of GI tract- drain to internal ilac vein
24
Q

Define portal hypertension

A

Eleavation of BP in portal system

25
Q

What are 3 common clinical presentations that suggest portal hypertension?

A
  1. Oesophageal varices
  2. Caput medusae- dilated para-umbilical & epigastric veins
  3. Rectal varices
26
Q

What is haematemesis?

A

Vomiting blood (haem-at-emesis)

Can be caused by either

  • PUD
  • Oesophageal varices

GI- Week 4 & 5 (15 decks)

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