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GI- Week 4 & 5 > Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Colorectal cancer can be benign or malignant. What cell type causes this?

A
  1. Benign- Adenoma
  2. Malignant- Adenocarcinoma
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2
Q

The growth of colon _, can lead to Adenoma invasion and eventually adenocarcinoma.

A

Polyps

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3
Q

What are the 3 macroscopic changes seen in Colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Polypoidal
  2. Annular
  3. Ulcerative
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4
Q

Colorectal cancer most commonly affects which part of the colon?

A

Sigmoid

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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What is Dukes staging?

A

A- invasion into but not through the bowel wall (90% 5 year survival)

B: invasion through the bowel wall but not involving lymph nodes (70% 5 year survival)

C: involvement of lymph nodes (30% 5 year survival)

D: Distant metastases

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8
Q

Common sites of colorectal cancer spread?

A
  1. Local- adjacent structures
  2. Lymphatic-Pericolic nodes, perivascular nodes
  3. Blood- Liver, lungs
  4. Transcoelomic- peritoneal cavity
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9
Q

What are some risk factors for colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Exercise- obesity
  2. Family history- FAP, HNPCC mutation
  3. Predisposing conditions- Adenomatous polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s.

AMPK- Reduced exercise and LKB1–> Increases glucose uptake by muscle, decreased cell turnover.

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10
Q

Wht are the symptoms of Colorecatl cancer?

A
  1. iron deficiency Anaemia- aged over 50
  2. Pain- change of bowel habbit
  3. rectal bleeding
  4. Tenasmus
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11
Q

What clinical findings can be seen in Colorectal cancer relating to-

  1. General
  2. Abdomen
  3. Recum
A
  1. General- Anaemia, Cachexia, Lymphadenopathy
  2. Abdomen- Mass, hepatomegaly, distension
  3. Rectum- mass, blood
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12
Q

What investigations would you do for Colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Barium enema
  2. CT colography
  3. Sigmoidoscopy
  4. Colonoscopy
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13
Q

What is Foecal occult blood testing?

A

Looks for blood in Faeces.

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What investigations would you do to assess staging

A
  1. Lungs- CT
  2. Liver- CT
  3. Primary Rectal cancer- MRI (Look up on Mesorectal cacner, may need radiotherapy before surgery)
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16
Q

Emergency presentation of Colorectal cancer? (3)

A
  1. Obstruction- distension, pain, constipation, vomiting
  2. Bleeding
  3. Perforation
17
Q

How would you treat an obstruction in colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Colostomy
  2. Resection + colostomy
  3. Resection + Anastamosis
  4. Stenting
18
Q

What are the treatment options for Colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Radiotherapy
  3. Chemotherapy
19
Q

What are the types of Colorectomy done?

20
Q

What are teh two types of surgery for rectal cancer?

A
  1. Abdomino-perineal excision
  2. Anterior resection
21
Q

When is radiotherapy used for rectal cancer?

A
  1. Adjuvant- pre/post OP to reduce local recurrence after excision
  2. Palliative- Inoperable or recurrent rectal cancer
22
Q

Chemotherapy for Colorectal cancer?

A

For Stage C

GI- Week 4 & 5 (15 decks)

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