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GI- Week 4 & 5 > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different presentations of Diarrhoea?

A
  1. Acute- Suddent onset. 90% Infectious
  2. Chronic- quite a few weeks. Mostly non infectious
  3. Persistent- Lasting 2-4 weeks, resolves after
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2
Q

What are some causes of Acute & Chronic diarrhoea?

A
  1. Acute- Infections, laxatives, graft v host, ischemic colitis
  2. Chronic- IBD, IBS, Diverticulitis, Colorectal cancer, Coeliac, Carcinoid tumours
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3
Q

Acute Gastroenteritis is common in the very young, old or immunocompromised. T/F/

A

True

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4
Q

Main bacteria causing Gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Campylobactor jejuni
  2. E.coli
  3. C.difficile
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5
Q

Main viruses causing gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Rotavirus- children
  2. Norovirus
  3. Adenovirus
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6
Q

Three main protozoas causing Gastroenteritis?

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Cryptosporidium
  3. Giardia
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7
Q

Enteric pathogens cause diarrhoea by what 4 mechanisms?

A
  1. Stimulation of net fluid and electrolyte secretion
  2. Increased propulsive muscle contractions
  3. Mucosal destruction and increased permeability.
  4. Nutrient malabsorption
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8
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of Diarrhoea?

A
  1. Non inflammatory Enterotoxin adherence
  2. Inflammatory/invasive cytotoxin
  3. Penetration
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9
Q

Travellers diarrhoea is caused mainly by which pathogen?

A

E.Coli

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10
Q

E.coli O157 causes what? What are some symptoms of it?

A

Haemorrhagic Colitis

  1. Crampy abdo pain
  2. Watery diarrhoea
  3. little/no fever
  4. Bloody diarrhoea
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11
Q

E.coli O157 can causes Post diarrhoeal haemolyitic uraemic syndrome? What are its 3 key symptoms?

A
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12
Q

Norovirus

A
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13
Q

Salmonella

A
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14
Q

The most common casue of Bloody diarrhoea is caused by what pathogen?

A

Campylobacter

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15
Q

What are the differences in clinical symptoms of diarrhoea of

a) Small bowel/colonic
b) Recto-sigmoid

A
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16
Q

Symptoms of enteric fever?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Systemically unwell
  3. Abdo pain
  4. constipation, Little diarrhoea
17
Q

Enteric fever is mostly caused by what?

A

Typhoid

18
Q

What investigation is key to diagnosing Enteric fever? What is the main antibiotic to treat it?

A
  1. Blood culture
  2. Azithromycin
19
Q

History taking

A
20
Q

Investigations

A
21
Q

Complications of Enteritis?

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Renal failure
  3. Guillian Bare
  4. Arthritis
22
Q

What is the main antibiotic induced Gastroenteritis?

A

C.difficile

23
Q

Travellers Diarrhoea

A
24
Q

Amoebiasis can cause what complication? Investigation? Treatment?

A

Liver abcess

Serology- antibody testing

Treatment- Metronidazole

25
Q

Giardia lambia

A
26
Q
A

GI- Week 4 & 5 (15 decks)

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