Pathology - Neoplasia Nomenclature Flashcards
what are the 2 types of tissue origins? give examples
epithelial
- glandular
- non-glandular/surface
non-epithelial
- mesenchymal
what do epithelial benign tumour names always end in?
‘oma
what is the only exception of an ‘Oma which isn’t benign?
melanoma
benign epithelial glandular tissues are named..
adenomas
add the glandular origin before
e.g. colonic adenoma
benign epithelial non-glandular tissues are named…
papilloma
add the cellular origin before
e.g. squamous cell papilloma
benign non-epithelial tissues are named..
tissue of origin …‘oma
e.g. lipoma
malignant epithelial tumours are always named..
carcinoma
malignant epithelial glandular tissues are named…
adenocarcinoma
malignant epithelial non-glandular tissues are named..
cell of origin … carcinoma
malignant non-epithelial tumours are called…
sarcoma
what is a choristoma?
benign normal tissue growing in an abnormal location
what is a precursor cell tumour?
cells that precede tumours
where can precursor cell tumours be found?
in young people
what is a Teratoma?
a tumour containing all 3 germ layers
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
what is a Hamartoma?
non-neoplastic disordered overgrowth of normal tissue
define metaplasia.
a change in phenotype of differentiated cells in response to chronic inflammation
name a condition in which you may see metaplasia and describe it.
Barrett’s Oesophagus
change from squamous cells to glandular cells in response to acid reflux
define hypertrophy
change in cell size in response to increased workload
e.g. gym
define hyperplasia
change in cell numbers in response to stimuli e.g. hormones
define dysplasia
abnormal growth contained within the basement membrane which has potential for malignant BUT can regress
what does carcinoma-in-situ mean?
a dysplastic growth which has the features of malignancy but there is no invasion and it is contained within the basement membrane
why is the basement membrane so important?
it separates the potential carcinoma from the blood and lymphatic vessels
what happens once the basement membrane is penetrated?
the tumour becomes invasive and malignant
the prefix for smooth muscle
leiomyo
the prefix for skeletal muscle
rhabdomyo
the prefix for adipose
lipo
the prefix for blood vessels
haemangio
the prefix for bone
osteo
the prefix for cartilage
chondro
the prefix for fibrous tissue
fibro
