Pathology Definietions Semester 2 Flashcards
Trousseau sign
Migratory thrombophlebitis occurring in tumor patients. It is attributed to elaboration of platelet aggregating factors and pro-coagulating seems from the tumor cells
Tumor associated with Epstein Barr virus
Nasopharygeal carcinoma (lympho-epithelioma), burrkitts lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B cell lymphomas
SVC Syndrom
Venous congestion on the superior extremities and head caused by compression of the vain, most common due to lung or mediastinal tumor
Most common localization of Ewing’s sarcoma
Middle region of long tubular bones (diaphysis)
Examples for optional and obligatory precancerous condition
Optional: squamous cell metaplasia of bronchi
Obligatory: cervical dysplasia
What is paraneoplasia? List a few typical examples
Symptom complexes that occur in patients with cancer and that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor, nor to the secretion of hormones indigenous to the tissue the tumor is derived from.
Trousseau thrombophlebitis, acromegaly, marantic endiocaridits, Cushing Syndrom, DIC, hypercalcemia
Histological features of malignancy in meschymal tumors
Cellular atypia
Necrosis
Increased mitotic count
Carcinoma
Malignant epithelial tumor
Which types of vast lit is affect the small and middle sized arteries?
Burgers disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Wegner-granulomatosis
Chug-Strauss
Complications of arteriosclerosis
Aneurism formation
Ischemic injury of organs
Embolism
Thrombosis
Dressler Syndrom
An Autoimmune Phänomen that occur after myocardial infarction and manifests 2-3 weeks later as pericarditis and a pericardial effusion
Rupture of the heart following a myocraridal infarction occurs most likely:
2-10 days after infarction
Forms of sterile (non infectious) endocarditis:
Marantic endocarditis
Endocarditis associated with carcinoid syndrome
Virus that may contribute in the development of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck?
HPV human papiloma virus
Examples for benign and malignant salivary gland tumors
Benign: pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, wharthin tumor
Malignant tumor: mucoepitheloid carinoma, actinic cell carinoma, adenoid cystic carinoma, myoepithlial carinoma
Most common site of regional metastasis in oral squamous cell carinoma
Cervical lymph nodes
Pancoas tumor
Locally disseminated, malignant tumor in the apex of lung
Methode used for detection of mycobacterium
PCR
Cultivation
Zieht Nielsen stain (Acid fast)
Etiology of mesothelioma season
Asbestos
Which lung tumor type produces commonly hormones?
Small cell carinoma (most commonly ACTH)
The two most common affected organs in primary tuberculosis
Lung
Small interstine
Infectious diseases that may cause orchitis
Mumps (approx 2 weeks post parotitis)
What does Congo red stain detect?
Amyloid
Technic of cervical cancer screening
Exfoliating cytology
Elements of tuberculosis gohns complex
Primary tumbercolitc nodule
lymphangitis
lymphadenitis
In which disease does condylomata Latium occur?
Syphilis
What is condylomata acuminatum?
Venereal wart most commonly due to HPV 6 and 11
Meckerst diverticulum occurs in
Ileum (2 feet 85cm from ileocecel valve)
Baretts esophageous
Intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells presenting at least 1 cm Offaly to the gastoesophegaela jungction
Precancerous leasion
Budd Chiari Syndrom
Thrombosis of hepatic vains
Caroli disease
Congenital disorder comprising of multi focal cystic dial action of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts
Hepatorenal Syndrom
Renal fainure in patients with severe liver disease in abscence of morphological changes of the kidney
Virchow lymph node
Metastatic supraclavicular lymph node
The most common primary tumor is gastric adenocarinoma
List the features of Ulcerative colitis
IBD Beginning in rectum Affecting only colon Continuos inflammation only in mucosa and submucosa with broad based ulcers Thin bowl wall Extra interstitial symptoms (eg.: PSC)
Which liver disease is commonly associated with Ulcerative colitis?
primary Sclerosing cholangitis
List the features of Chroms disease
IBD Whole Gi Segmental inflammation Trans mural inflammation Granulomen Formation Deep fistula ulcers Thickening of bowl Extra intestinal symptoms
Achalasia
Incompleate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter with increased sphincter tone and aperistaltis of the esophagus
infective agent that may contribute in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers?
H. Pylori
Cirrhosis
Diffuse transformation of the liver into regenerative parenchymal nodules surrounded by fibrous bands
End stage of chronic liver diseases
Two main forms of acute pancreatitis
Acute intestinal pancreatitis
Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis
How is it possible to distinguish between follicular adenoma and follicular carinoma?
With the complete surgical removal of the leasion, and through histological examination of the capsule in search for capsular or vascular invasion which is diagnostic for carinoma
Histological and clinicopathological features of papillary carinoma of the thyroid:
Grooves Intranuclear cytoplasmic inculsions Crowding of nuclei Ground glass (orphan Anni eyes) Psammoma bodies Papillary/follicular structures Really gives metastasis If yes, lymphoid ich metastasis to cervical LN
Most common origin of pancreas carinoma?
Ductus epithelium
Pathogenese of Graves’ disease
Thyroid stimulating Anti.TSH receptor autoantibodies
What determines the grade of Neuroendocrine tumors?
The mitotic rate
Ki67 proliferation index
Hashimoto disease
Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis
Typical symptoms for nephritic Syndrom
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Macroscopic hematuria
Azotemia
Typical syndromes of nephrosis syndrom
Hyperlipidemia
Proteinuria (>3,5g)
Hypoalbumemia
Generalized edema
Which two carinoma types infiltrate commonly to major vains
HHC
Clear cell carinoma of the kidney
Chronic renal failure might cause hyperplasia of which organ?
Parathyroid gland
Gleason grade
A grading system used in prostate adenocarinoma to determine the deification of the tumor
It is based on the glandular formation of the tumor cells
Primary localization of lymphogenous metastasis in malignant testicular tumors
Paraarotic LN
Histology types of germ cell tumors of the testicles
Seminoma Embryoloical carinoma Yolksac tumor Teratoma Choriocarcinoma Spermatocystic tumor
Necessary tissue sample if methode in case of suspicion of prostate cancer
Trans recital core needle biopsy
Endometriosis
Presence of endometrial glands and stoma outside the uterus
HSIL
Hi grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Epithelial Proliferation caused by high risk HPV infection
A precancerous condition
Krukenberg tumor
Ovarian meterstasis of mucinous carinoma
The primary side may be eg: GI tract, pancreas
Meigs Syndrome
Ovarian fibrothecoma associated hydrothorax
Disease of wich cell type is hydatidifrom mole?
Throphoblasts
Paget disease of the breast
In situ carinoma spreading into the epidermis of the nipple
Prognostic and predictive factors of breast carinoma
Histological type, grade, stage Estrogen receptor Progesteron recetoprs Her2 receptor Ki67 proliferation index
Most commmon benign tumor of breast
Fibroadenoma
The colonal proliferation of which cell are detected in multiple myeloma?
Plasma cells
Reed-Sternberg cell
Binucleated tumor cell with large inclusion type nucleoli typical for Hodgkin’s disease
Malt Lymphoma (with examples)
Lymphoma arming in the mucosa associated Lymphpoid tissue
Stomach, small intestine, tonsils, thyroid gland, conjunctiva, bronchus
List oncogenic viruses (which play a role in pathogenenis of malignant tumors)
EBV: Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharygeal carinoma
HHV-8: Kapos sarcoma
HCV/HBV: HCC
HPV: anogenital squamous cell carinoma, oropüharygeal carinoma
HTLV-1: adult T cell lymphoma
The two most common localizations of extramedullary hematopoesis?
Liver, spleen
What is merkel-cell carinoma and where does it a raise?
Neuroendocine tumor
Of Merkel cells in skin
Where does osteosarcoma a raise commonly
Metaphysis of long cortical bones
Mainly distal femur and proximal Tibia
Multiple sclerosis
Autoimmune demyelination disorder of the CNS which is characterized by recurring episodes of disease activity with production of white matter lesions
Schwannoma
Tumor of the peripheral nerves
Most common localization of intracranial bacterial infection
Leptomeninx
Breslow depth
Thickness of skin melanoma measured from the granular leader of the epidermis
Cause of common warts
Human papiloma virus HOV
Impetigo
Superficial purple to inflammation of the skin
Typhus is characteristic for:
Gout
Typical site of lacunae infaction occur:
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Typical symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Meconium ileus Recurring and chronic pneumonia Bronchiectasis COR pulonmae Pancreatic insufficiency
Gastroschisis
A birth defect in which abdominal viscera protrude through the incomplete abdominals wall
