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stuff thats would be cool to remember > micro RNA virus flashcards justus > Flashcards

micro RNA virus flashcards justus

1
Q

1 cause for aseptic meningitis?

A

enterovirus genus

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2
Q

1 casue for common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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3
Q

how many serotypes does polio have?

A
  1. 1, 2, 3
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4
Q

why Is enterovirus genus called enterovirus?

A

bc most viruses from this genus are transmitted fecal orally.
usually don’t cause enteric disease

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5
Q

what do most enteroviruses cause to cells?

A

cell lysis

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6
Q

pathogenesis of polio virus?

A
  1. replicates in lymphoid tissues (2-3 weeks)
  2. spreds to anterior horn motor neurons
  3. causes lysis of AMHN
  4. leads to paralysis
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7
Q

outcome of poliomyelitis

A
  1. Asymtomatic 75% (normal fnx immunesystem)
  2. abortive poliomyelitis 20% URTi + GI disturbance
  3. nonparalytic aseptic meningitis 1-5%
  4. paralytic poliomyelitits 0,1-0,5%
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8
Q

Paralytic poliomyelitits classification

A 
flaccid paralisis
most commonly in lower libs 
1. bulbar polio most severe-- breathing muscles 
2. spinal
3. bulbospinal
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9
Q

Post polio syndrom

A

after 20 years

symptoms are muscle weakness, pain and fatigue

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10
Q

Polio vaccines

A
  1. INACTIVATED Polio Vacine (IPV)- Salk- I.M.

2. LIVE ATTENUATED bivalent Polio vaccine (OPV)- sabin orally

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11
Q

most common time for enterovirus genus infection?

A

summmmmmaaaaaaa timeeeeeee

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12
Q

Pathogenese of coxsackie virus

A
  1. replication of GI lymphoid mucosa
  2. primary viremia: travel to target tissue (e.g. heart)
  3. second phase replication
  4. seocndary viremia
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13
Q

wich serotype causes hand foot mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A 16

and enterovirus 71

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14
Q

clinical picture of hand foot mouth disease

A

Red itchy vesicular rash on hand foot and mouth (duh)

MILD fever

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15
Q

diseases caused by Coxsackie A virus

A
  1. hand foot mouth
  2. Herpangina
  3. acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
  4. aseptic meningitis
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16
Q

what is herpangina?

A

caused by coxsackie A

painful blisters at back of mouth (1 week)

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17
Q

what causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis?

A

Coxsackie A 24
exteamly contagious
24h incubation
1-2 weeks

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18
Q

diseases caused by Coxsackie B

A
  1. pleurodynia (devils grip, Brohnolm disease)
  2. myocarditis (dilative cardiomyopathy)
  3. pericarditis
  4. aseptic meningits
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19
Q

what is the disease called caused by coxsackie B which causes lower chest pain?

A

Pleurodynia

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20
Q

what kind of heart diseases does coxsacky cause?

A

Dialative cardiomyopathy…

pericarditis

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21
Q

how many seortypes does rhinovirus has?

A

113

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22
Q

mode of transmission of rhinovirus?

A

respiratory droplets.

it is acid labile, so it can’t survive the travel down to the GI…

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23
Q

Pathogenese of Rhinovirus

A
  1. respiratory droplets
  2. atttaches cia ICAM1 in URT epithelium to enter cells.
  3. repilcates in Nasal Epithelium
  4. grows at colder temps (33C) so URT is nice since its a natural AC with air moving in and out.
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24
Q

causes of common cold DDx:

A 
#1 casue is rhinovirus DURING SUMMER
Corina virus DURING FALL
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25
Q

symptoms of common cold

A
  1. cough
  2. rhinorrhea
  3. sneezing
  4. nasal congestion
  5. sorethrought
  6. headache
  7. malaise
    NO FEVER!!!
    symptoms for 3-10 days
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26
Q

Types of Cardiovirus

A 
Cardiovirus A (only 1 serotype)
Cardiovirus B (several serotypes)
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27
Q

serotypes of Cardiovirus B

A
  1. Theilers murine encephalomyelitis virus

2. saffold virus

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28
Q

Reservoir of Cardiovirus

A

zoogenic

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29
Q

what does the cardio virus infect

A

GI
Heart
CNS

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30
Q

what diseases does cardio virus cause?

A
  1. Myocarditis
  2. gastroentritis
  3. flue like symptoms
  4. Flaccid paralyzes
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31
Q

which virus enters via clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

A

Aphtovirus

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32
Q

what does Aphtovirus casue?

A

Foot-mouth disease
usually only in animals
transmitted by respiratory droplets
URT repilaction

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33
Q

pathogenesis of Hepatits A virus

A
  1. ingestion of virus
  2. entering epithelium of pharynx or intestine (acid stable
  3. enters blood to reach liver
  4. replication in Hepatocytes and kupfer cells
  5. NO LYSIS
  6. Vision into bile
  7. shed via stool (fecal oral transmission yay)
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34
Q

how long does the hepatitis last in Hep A infection?

A

1 month. acute not chronic state.
asymptomatic in children
jaundice and vomiting in adults

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35
Q

Diagnosis of Hep A virus

A

Serology- Anti-HAV IgM by Elisa

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36
Q

which family is Hepatitis E virus in?

A

Hepeviridae

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37
Q

transmission of Hep E virus

A

fecal oral
Blood
trans-placental (not like Hep B, its too big, can only be transmitted by direct blood transmission so in the case of transvagianl brith…)

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38
Q

Diseases caused by Hep E virus

A

acute hepatitis
usually mild diseases
Severe in 20% of pregant women FULMINANT LIVER FAILUTRE

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39
Q

what disease does HEV cause in pregnant women?

A

Fulminant liver failure

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40
Q

diagnosis of HEV

A

serorlogy- IgM or IgG anti-HEV

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41
Q

Arbovirus infections

A
  1. Flavavirus (except Hep C)
  2. Togavirus
  3. Bunyavirus
  4. Reo virus
  5. orthomyxovirus
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42
Q

Diseases and complication of Dengue fever:

A
  1. Break bone fever
    1. very high fever, headache, vommiting, muscle pain
  2. Severe hemorrhagic dengue fever:
    1. Thrombocytopenia
    2. hemorragic fever
    3. renal failure
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43
Q

Symptoms of yellow fever infection

A
  1. Jaunidce
  2. backache
  3. bloody diarrhea
    nausea
    headache
    vomminting
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44
Q

host and vector of West Nile virus

A

vector: Culex mosquito
host: birds

45
Q

complications of West Nile virus infection

A
  1. Encephalitis
  2. meningitis
  3. flaccid paralyses
  4. seizures
  5. coma
46
Q

diagnosis of Flavavirus family?

A

Serology: ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition, Latex agglutination

47
Q

vaccinations for flavivirus family?

A

only for yellow fever
non obligatory
LIVE attenuated vax

48
Q

explain why there isn’t a vaccine for HCV.

A

virus encoded RNA polymerase doesn’t have 3-5 proofreading. causes frequent mutations. antigenic VARIABLITLY– no vaccine.

49
Q

Transmission of HCV

A

blond trasnfurion
drug use
sexual contact

50
Q

how does HBV enter hepatocytes?

A

CD81 (tetraspanin receptor)

coats in LDL and uses LDLr like a Trojan horse

51
Q

what causes Liver damage in HCV infection?

A

immune responds of CTTC

chronic state will exhauste CD8+ cells.

52
Q

extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection?

A

Glomerolunephrophathy

53
Q

Diagnosis of HCV infecrion

A
  1. acute infection: ALT will raise
  2. ELISA anti HCV AB and confirm with western blot (like HIV)
  3. Cryoglobulins IgM precipitation in cooler temp
  4. liver biopsy
54
Q

Arbo viruses of the rotavirus family

A

Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

55
Q

pathogenesis of Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

A

Breoad tissue tropism

after replication release by cell lysis

56
Q

disease of Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

A

usually asymptomatic- low grade disease flue symptoms

progresses to encephalitis (ends with paralysis, metal retadation, seizures, death

57
Q

Vaccinations for Western-, eastern-, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus?

A

only for EEE and WEE

KILLED vaccine

58
Q

Transmission of Rubella virus

A 
respiratory droplets 
vertical transmission (TORCHES)
59
Q

Pathogenesis of Rubella virus

A

infects URT
spreads to local LN
Broad tissue tropism
no cell lysis!!!!!

60
Q

diseases of rubella virus

A
  1. Childhood rubella
  2. adult rubella
  3. congenital rubella
61
Q

Childhood rubella presentation

A
  1. postauricular Lymphadenopathy

2. maculopapullar rash face downwards

62
Q

how Ddx rubella from measles?

A

rubella maculopapullar rash is pink, pinpoint, and moves faster

63
Q

Adult rubella presantiona

A

Lymphadenopathy
fever
arthirits

64
Q

Conjential rubella prsantion

A
  1. cataracts
  2. deafness
  3. PDA
  4. jaudice
  5. bluebarry rash
65
Q

vcxx of rubella?

A

MMR
live attenuated
do not give to pregnant women

66
Q

structure of corona virus

A

Positive RNA
Enveloped
Helical

67
Q

why does corona virus look crown shaped?

A

Has peplomers on the surface made out of Hemagglutinin

68
Q

Pathogenesis of Crona virus

A

usually remains in URT

but eg SARS can spread to LRT

69
Q

diseases by Corona virus

A
  1. common cold
  2. SARS leading to bronchitis and ARDS
  3. MERS = middle eastern respiratory syndrome
70
Q

Characteristics of Othomyxxovirus

A
  1. negative RNA
  2. eveloped
  3. helical
  4. AG drift and shift
  5. Segemtned
71
Q

where does Orthomyxovirus replicate?

A

in the nucleus

only RNA virus besides HIV who does it.

72
Q

what is antigenic drift?

A

point mutation in HA and NA proteins

causes epidemics of influenza A and B

73
Q

what is antigenic shift

A

Co infection of two different strains of infuelnza A virus
leads ti gene ressortment
Influenza A only
leads to pandemics like swine flue

74
Q

what virulence factor determines the cell tropism in othromyxovirus?

A

Hemagglutinin HA

different Antigens on different Virus

75
Q

Pathogenese of orthomyxovirus

A
  1. HA binds to cells
  2. endocytosis
  3. pH regulation by M2 protein
  4. Neuroaminidase cleaves silica acid to release vision from cell
76
Q

diseases caused by Orhtomyxovirus

A

infulenza: upper or lower RTI

fever, chills, muscle pain…

77
Q

complication of Orhtomyxovirus infection

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. Bronchitis
  3. guillan- garre syndrome
78
Q

what is fusion protein?

A

causes respiratory epithelium to fuse– forming syncytial( a multinucleate cell which result from fusion of mono nucleated cells

79
Q

different name for measles virus

A

rubeola

morbili

80
Q

viruelce factors of measles virus

A
  1. hemagglutinin

2. fusion protein

81
Q

clincial presentation of Measles

A

4C

  1. cough
  2. coryza (runny nose)
  3. conjunctivits
  4. koplik spots
  5. makulo papular rash face down spread
82
Q

what are koplik spots?

A

small blueish-with spots with red background in oral mucosa

83
Q

what are the late complications of measles?

A

giant cell pneumonia

subacute scleoring pan encephalitis (SSPE)

84
Q

prevention of Measles?

A

MMR, live attenuated vax

Vitamin A

85
Q

diseases caused by mumps

A
  1. parotitis
  2. orchitis
  3. pancreatitis
  4. meningoencephaltiis
86
Q

virulence factors of mumps

A

fusion protein
hemagglutinsn
neuraminidase

87
Q

Pathogenese of respiratory syncytial virus

A

attaches to G protein to infect respiratory epithelium

88
Q

virulence factors of RSV

A

only fusion protein

89
Q

diseases caused by RSV?

A

1 casue of infant atypical pneumonia

low fever
in adults usually just a cold

90
Q

diseases caused by parainfluenza virus

A
  1. Croup (laryngeotrachenobronchitis)
  2. seal barking
  3. inspiratory stridor
  4. subglottal swelling
91
Q

what is the causative agent for rabies?

A

Lyssavirus

92
Q

characteristics of rhabdo virus

A

negative RNA enveloped, helical

bullet shaped

93
Q

pathogeneis of Rhabdovirus

A
  1. glycoproteins on capsule will attach to nicotine ACH receptors and neutralize AB
  2. Muschel enters muscles and replicates
  3. virus travels up the nerves after days to months
  4. affects DRGGL and CNS
  5. travel depends how far the wound is from CNS
94
Q

rabies symptoms

A
  1. tingling and numbness
  2. spasms of muscles
  3. saliva glands
  4. encephalitis and swelling
  5. Hydrophobie
  6. seizuses
  7. respiratory arrest
95
Q

pathogenesis of Filovirus

A

attachment vie glycoproteins to Neimann-pick receptor

  1. endocytosis
  2. release of contents
  3. Ran used as template makes proteins
  4. release
96
Q

what receptors does ebola bind to?

A

Neumann-pick receptor

97
Q

disease of ebola and Margbug virus?

A

severe from of hemorrhagic fever
death due to hypovolumenic shock
MOF

98
Q

which viruses are medial relevant in the filovirus family?

A

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

99
Q

where does bunyavirus obtain its envelope?

A

from golgiaperatus

100
Q

what are the segmented viruses?

A 
BOAR
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus
Arenavirus
Reovirus
101
Q

What disease is casused by Hantavirus

A

Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

Pulmonary syndorme

102
Q

what diseases are caused by Rift Valley fever virus and by California encephalitis virus

A

Rift Valley fever and California encephalitis

103
Q

transmission of bunyavirus

A

all are arbovirus except hantavirus

104
Q

what are the symptoms of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever?

A
  1. fever
  2. muscle pain
  3. headcache
  4. diahrreha
  5. bleeding into skin
  6. liver failure
  7. Kinder damage
  8. DIC
    Shock and death
105
Q

characteristics of Arena virus?

A 
circular 
ambisense 
ssRNA
enveloped 
helical 
segemtned (2)
106
Q

pathogenesis of arena virus

A

infects macrophages
erlasse IFN– vascualr and cellular damage
Cells Weill cause more tissue damage
incubation 10-14 days

107
Q

desisease casuesed by arena virus

A 
Lymphocitic choriomengitits (LCMV)
Lassa hemorragic fever
108
Q

what is Lymphocitic Choriomeningitis?

A

biphasic

  1. flue like symptoms
  2. memnigis and encephalitis with lymphocyte infiltration o choroid plexus
109
Q

what is LASSA hemorrhagic fever?

A

50% mortality hemorrhagic fever

death due to hypovolemic shock

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