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Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is best for a carcinoma that doesn’t perforate BM?

What is most indicative of cancer (premalignant)

A

Dysplasia

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2
Q

What is cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow?

Having Bence Jones proteins in urine indicates?

A

Multiple myeloma

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3
Q

Increased serum acid phosphatase & increase prostatic specific antigen indicates?

A

Prostate cancer

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4
Q

Man has bony exocytosis with anaplastic glandular epi. What is it?

A

Prostate carcinoma

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5
Q

What’s the most probable cause for prolonged bleeding time in a patient in leukemia?

A

Decreased number of blood platelet

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6
Q

People with leukemia may have?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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7
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells are found in?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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8
Q

In addition to Kaposi’s sarcoma, which other malignant neoplasm is often observed with AIDS?

A

Non-Hogkins lymphoma

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9
Q

Patient has ulcers in the gingiva. Lab values are 1200 WBC, 98% lymphocytes, and normal platelet/ RBC. What does the patient have?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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10
Q

What do you find the sweat of a person with cystic fibrosis?

A

Increased cloride & NaCl

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11
Q

Patient with rash on sided of face, droopy eye lid, constriction of pupil, what nerve dysfuntion?

A

Horner’s syndromer –>

Damage to sympathetic (superior cervical ganglion)

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12
Q

Tay-Sach is a deficiency of?

A

Hexosaminidase
(hexosaminidase A deficiency)
(Accumulation of gangliosides –> nerve death)

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13
Q

What disease are lysosomal deficiency?

A

Niemann-Pick, Gaucher’s Tay-Sach

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14
Q

Which organ does prions affect?

A

Brain

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15
Q

Mitral valve is messed up, what will you see?

A

Pulmonary edema

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16
Q

What doesn’t cause edema?

A

High albumin

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17
Q

Patient had a stroke, what common artery is occluded?

Person got epidural hemorrhage, which artery is severed?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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18
Q

Person has acute heorrhage, what occurs?

A

HR up, BP down

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19
Q

MI is associated with which necrosis?

A

Coagulative necrosis

ischemia, blood loss, kidney

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20
Q

Which one is autosomal Dominant?

A

Gardner’s syndrome

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21
Q

What is x-linked?

A

Agammaglobulinemia

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22
Q

What is deflated/collapsed alveoli (reduced gas exchange)?

A

Atelectasis

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23
Q

What disease blocks acetylcholine receptors at NMJ?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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24
Q

What tumor is associated with myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymoma (tumor in thymus gland, t-cell maturation)

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25
Q

What would a tumor of the anterior pituitary cause?

A

Affected ACTH specficially

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26
Q

What does excess secretion of ACTH cause?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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27
Q

What does excessive ACTH cause?

A

Hyperglycemia & weight gain

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28
Q

Acromegaly is a result of tumor on?

A

Anterior pituitary (HIGH levels of GH)

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29
Q

Diabetes insipidus is a lack of?

A

ADH

30
Q

Describe DM1

A

autoimmune & islet cells appear degenerated

31
Q

What causes microanginema in diabetics?

A

Damage to small capillaries

32
Q

What is responsible for polyuria in DM

A

Capacity of kidneys to resabsorb glucose is surpassed, glucose is lost in the urine along with water & electrolytes

33
Q

What is neurofibromatosis characterized by?

A

Multiple large pigmented skin lesions (cafe-au-lait)

34
Q

GERD/ Barret’s esophagus?

A

Adenocarcinoma: replace nomral epithelium with simple columnar + goblet cells

35
Q

Where in GI are you most likely to see achalasia?

A

Esophagus

36
Q

Which GI disease is characterized by non-caseating granulomas?

A

Crohn’s

37
Q

GI carcinoma/ Malignancy is caused by?

A

villous adenoma

38
Q

Which parts has the most chance of adenocarcinoma?

A

Rectum

39
Q

Positive anti-nuclear antibody tests (ANA) & positive anti smith antibody is specific for?

A

Lupus SLE

40
Q

RH+ factors suggest patient has?

A

SLE & RA

41
Q

Which is not an autoimmune disease?

A

Erythoblastosis fetalis (causes hemolytic anemia )

42
Q

Sick cell anemia HbS, what happens?

A

Agglutination & deoxygenation

43
Q

What kind of mutation is sickle cell anemia?

A

Missense

44
Q

Pernicious anemia is a result of?

A

Lack of vitamin B12

45
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is due to?

A

Deficiency of folic acid B9

46
Q

What’s the most common type of anemia?

What is most likely the complication of chronic ulcer with chronic slow blood loss ?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

47
Q

Chronic blood loos from duodenum leads to?

A

Microcytic & hypochromatic anemia

48
Q

What is a sign of chronic bleeding peptide ulcer?

A

Fecal occult

49
Q

What does NOT cause cancer?

A

Anthracosis

exposure to coal

50
Q

What’s the most common cancer of lungs?

where is in most common on the lung?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma- center of lungs

51
Q

Patient had dysphonia, dyshagia, weight loss, and long term heavy smoker

A

Laryngeal carcinoma

52
Q

Where in the lungs does cancer arise if patients smoke cigarette?

A

Bronchiolar cells

53
Q

With HTN, the heart shows?

A

Left ventricular Hypertrophy

54
Q

All are reasons for HTN except:

a. renin
b. angiotensin II
c. partial occlusion of renal artery
d. pheochromocytoma

A

C: partial occlusion of renal artery

55
Q

Anterior of light/left ventricles have necrosis, what artery is blocked?

A

anterior intraventricular artery

56
Q

What does wollen lymph noes in the supraclavicular region (Virchow’s node) indicate of?

A

Gastric cancer

57
Q

What syndrome increases risk of colic cancer?

A

Peutz-Jeghers

58
Q

Man is in the sun a lot, develops grown spot to the side of nose that is growing?

A

Lentigo maligna

59
Q

Which disease causes caseous necrosis ?

A

TB

cheese like granuloma

60
Q

A girl from africa had TB, what would not be a cause of a positive TB test?

A

Leprosy

61
Q

What do cerebral vascular accidents, parkinson’s and alzheimer’s have in common?

A

Dementia

62
Q

cancer in lower lip is:

cancer in upper lip is:

A

upper: basal cell carcinoma
lower: squamous cell

63
Q

What causes old men to pee alot?

A

BPH

64
Q

What’s the most common cause of lump/palpable mass on a women’s breast?

A

Fibrocytic lesions/ changes

65
Q

What is firboadenoma?

A

Most common tumor, benign, unilateral

66
Q

What does hypothyroidism cause?

A

Positive nitrogen balance

67
Q

Metastatic calcifications & nephrolithiasis are due to?

A

Hyperthyroidism

68
Q

Adenosine deamine deficiency causes?

A

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

69
Q

What is the likely cause of pulmonary embolism?

A

Thrombophlebitis

70
Q

What’s the most common endometrial cancer?

A

Leiocarcinoma

71
Q

Goiter are due to?

A

Hyperplasia

72
Q

What does hypoplasia most like?

A

Small organ development

;) (24 decks)

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