Pathology Flashcards
What is best for a carcinoma that doesn’t perforate BM?
What is most indicative of cancer (premalignant)
Dysplasia
What is cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow?
Having Bence Jones proteins in urine indicates?
Multiple myeloma
Increased serum acid phosphatase & increase prostatic specific antigen indicates?
Prostate cancer
Man has bony exocytosis with anaplastic glandular epi. What is it?
Prostate carcinoma
What’s the most probable cause for prolonged bleeding time in a patient in leukemia?
Decreased number of blood platelet
People with leukemia may have?
Thrombocytopenia
Reed-Sternberg cells are found in?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
In addition to Kaposi’s sarcoma, which other malignant neoplasm is often observed with AIDS?
Non-Hogkins lymphoma
Patient has ulcers in the gingiva. Lab values are 1200 WBC, 98% lymphocytes, and normal platelet/ RBC. What does the patient have?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
What do you find the sweat of a person with cystic fibrosis?
Increased cloride & NaCl
Patient with rash on sided of face, droopy eye lid, constriction of pupil, what nerve dysfuntion?
Horner’s syndromer –>
Damage to sympathetic (superior cervical ganglion)
Tay-Sach is a deficiency of?
Hexosaminidase
(hexosaminidase A deficiency)
(Accumulation of gangliosides –> nerve death)
What disease are lysosomal deficiency?
Niemann-Pick, Gaucher’s Tay-Sach
Which organ does prions affect?
Brain
Mitral valve is messed up, what will you see?
Pulmonary edema
What doesn’t cause edema?
High albumin
Patient had a stroke, what common artery is occluded?
Person got epidural hemorrhage, which artery is severed?
Middle meningeal artery
Person has acute heorrhage, what occurs?
HR up, BP down
MI is associated with which necrosis?
Coagulative necrosis
ischemia, blood loss, kidney
Which one is autosomal Dominant?
Gardner’s syndrome
What is x-linked?
Agammaglobulinemia
What is deflated/collapsed alveoli (reduced gas exchange)?
Atelectasis
What disease blocks acetylcholine receptors at NMJ?
Myasthenia Gravis
What tumor is associated with myasthenia gravis?
Thymoma (tumor in thymus gland, t-cell maturation)
What would a tumor of the anterior pituitary cause?
Affected ACTH specficially
What does excess secretion of ACTH cause?
Cushing’s syndrome
What does excessive ACTH cause?
Hyperglycemia & weight gain
Acromegaly is a result of tumor on?
Anterior pituitary (HIGH levels of GH)
Diabetes insipidus is a lack of?
ADH
Describe DM1
autoimmune & islet cells appear degenerated
What causes microanginema in diabetics?
Damage to small capillaries
What is responsible for polyuria in DM
Capacity of kidneys to resabsorb glucose is surpassed, glucose is lost in the urine along with water & electrolytes
What is neurofibromatosis characterized by?
Multiple large pigmented skin lesions (cafe-au-lait)
GERD/ Barret’s esophagus?
Adenocarcinoma: replace nomral epithelium with simple columnar + goblet cells
Where in GI are you most likely to see achalasia?
Esophagus
Which GI disease is characterized by non-caseating granulomas?
Crohn’s
GI carcinoma/ Malignancy is caused by?
villous adenoma
Which parts has the most chance of adenocarcinoma?
Rectum
Positive anti-nuclear antibody tests (ANA) & positive anti smith antibody is specific for?
Lupus SLE
RH+ factors suggest patient has?
SLE & RA
Which is not an autoimmune disease?
Erythoblastosis fetalis (causes hemolytic anemia )
Sick cell anemia HbS, what happens?
Agglutination & deoxygenation
What kind of mutation is sickle cell anemia?
Missense
Pernicious anemia is a result of?
Lack of vitamin B12
Megaloblastic anemia is due to?
Deficiency of folic acid B9
What’s the most common type of anemia?
What is most likely the complication of chronic ulcer with chronic slow blood loss ?
Iron deficiency anemia
Chronic blood loos from duodenum leads to?
Microcytic & hypochromatic anemia
What is a sign of chronic bleeding peptide ulcer?
Fecal occult
What does NOT cause cancer?
Anthracosis
exposure to coal
What’s the most common cancer of lungs?
where is in most common on the lung?
Squamous cell carcinoma- center of lungs
Patient had dysphonia, dyshagia, weight loss, and long term heavy smoker
Laryngeal carcinoma
Where in the lungs does cancer arise if patients smoke cigarette?
Bronchiolar cells
With HTN, the heart shows?
Left ventricular Hypertrophy
All are reasons for HTN except:
a. renin
b. angiotensin II
c. partial occlusion of renal artery
d. pheochromocytoma
C: partial occlusion of renal artery
Anterior of light/left ventricles have necrosis, what artery is blocked?
anterior intraventricular artery
What does wollen lymph noes in the supraclavicular region (Virchow’s node) indicate of?
Gastric cancer
What syndrome increases risk of colic cancer?
Peutz-Jeghers
Man is in the sun a lot, develops grown spot to the side of nose that is growing?
Lentigo maligna
Which disease causes caseous necrosis ?
TB
cheese like granuloma
A girl from africa had TB, what would not be a cause of a positive TB test?
Leprosy
What do cerebral vascular accidents, parkinson’s and alzheimer’s have in common?
Dementia
cancer in lower lip is:
cancer in upper lip is:
upper: basal cell carcinoma
lower: squamous cell
What causes old men to pee alot?
BPH
What’s the most common cause of lump/palpable mass on a women’s breast?
Fibrocytic lesions/ changes
What is firboadenoma?
Most common tumor, benign, unilateral
What does hypothyroidism cause?
Positive nitrogen balance
Metastatic calcifications & nephrolithiasis are due to?
Hyperthyroidism
Adenosine deamine deficiency causes?
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
What is the likely cause of pulmonary embolism?
Thrombophlebitis
What’s the most common endometrial cancer?
Leiocarcinoma
Goiter are due to?
Hyperplasia
What does hypoplasia most like?
Small organ development
