Pathology

Question 1

What is best for a carcinoma that doesn’t perforate BM?

What is most indicative of cancer (premalignant)

Answer 1

Dysplasia

Question 2

What is cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow?

Having Bence Jones proteins in urine indicates?

Answer 2

Multiple myeloma

Question 3

Increased serum acid phosphatase & increase prostatic specific antigen indicates?

Answer 3

Prostate cancer

Question 4

Man has bony exocytosis with anaplastic glandular epi. What is it?

Answer 4

Prostate carcinoma

Question 5

What’s the most probable cause for prolonged bleeding time in a patient in leukemia?

Answer 5

Decreased number of blood platelet

Question 6

People with leukemia may have?

Answer 6

Thrombocytopenia

Question 7

Reed-Sternberg cells are found in?

Answer 7

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 8

In addition to Kaposi’s sarcoma, which other malignant neoplasm is often observed with AIDS?

Answer 8

Non-Hogkins lymphoma

Question 9

Patient has ulcers in the gingiva. Lab values are 1200 WBC, 98% lymphocytes, and normal platelet/ RBC. What does the patient have?

Answer 9

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 10

What do you find the sweat of a person with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 10

Increased cloride & NaCl

Question 11

Patient with rash on sided of face, droopy eye lid, constriction of pupil, what nerve dysfuntion?

Answer 11

Horner’s syndromer –>

Damage to sympathetic (superior cervical ganglion)

Question 12

Tay-Sach is a deficiency of?

Answer 12

Hexosaminidase
(hexosaminidase A deficiency)
(Accumulation of gangliosides –> nerve death)

Question 13

What disease are lysosomal deficiency?

Answer 13

Niemann-Pick, Gaucher’s Tay-Sach

Question 14

Which organ does prions affect?

Answer 14

Brain

Question 15

Mitral valve is messed up, what will you see?

Answer 15

Pulmonary edema

Question 16

What doesn’t cause edema?

Answer 16

High albumin

Question 17

Patient had a stroke, what common artery is occluded?

Person got epidural hemorrhage, which artery is severed?

Answer 17

Middle meningeal artery

Question 18

Person has acute heorrhage, what occurs?

Answer 18

HR up, BP down

Question 19

MI is associated with which necrosis?

Answer 19

Coagulative necrosis

ischemia, blood loss, kidney

Question 20

Which one is autosomal Dominant?

Answer 20

Gardner’s syndrome

Question 21

What is x-linked?

Answer 21

Agammaglobulinemia

Question 22

What is deflated/collapsed alveoli (reduced gas exchange)?

Answer 22

Atelectasis

Question 23

What disease blocks acetylcholine receptors at NMJ?

Answer 23

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 24

What tumor is associated with myasthenia gravis?

Answer 24

Thymoma (tumor in thymus gland, t-cell maturation)

Question 25

What would a tumor of the anterior pituitary cause?

Answer 25

Affected ACTH specficially

Question 26

What does excess secretion of ACTH cause?

Answer 26

Cushing's syndrome

Question 27

What does excessive ACTH cause?

Answer 27

Hyperglycemia & weight gain

Question 28

Acromegaly is a result of tumor on?

Answer 28

Anterior pituitary (HIGH levels of GH)

Question 29

Diabetes insipidus is a lack of?

Answer 29

ADH

Question 30

Describe DM1

Answer 30

autoimmune & islet cells appear degenerated

Question 31

What causes microanginema in diabetics?

Answer 31

Damage to small capillaries

Question 32

What is responsible for polyuria in DM

Answer 32

Capacity of kidneys to resabsorb glucose is surpassed, glucose is lost in the urine along with water & electrolytes

Question 33

What is neurofibromatosis characterized by?

Answer 33

Multiple large pigmented skin lesions (cafe-au-lait)

Question 34

GERD/ Barret's esophagus?

Answer 34

Adenocarcinoma: replace nomral epithelium with simple columnar + goblet cells

Question 35

Where in GI are you most likely to see achalasia?

Answer 35

Esophagus

Question 36

Which GI disease is characterized by non-caseating granulomas?

Answer 36

Crohn's

Question 37

GI carcinoma/ Malignancy is caused by?

Answer 37

villous adenoma

Question 38

Which parts has the most chance of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 38

Rectum

Question 39

Positive anti-nuclear antibody tests (ANA) & positive anti smith antibody is specific for?

Answer 39

Lupus SLE

Question 40

RH+ factors suggest patient has?

Answer 40

SLE & RA

Question 41

Which is not an autoimmune disease?

Answer 41

Erythoblastosis fetalis (causes hemolytic anemia )

Question 42

Sick cell anemia HbS, what happens?

Answer 42

Agglutination & deoxygenation

Question 43

What kind of mutation is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 43

Missense

Question 44

Pernicious anemia is a result of?

Answer 44

Lack of vitamin B12

Question 45

Megaloblastic anemia is due to?

Answer 45

Deficiency of folic acid B9

Question 46

What's the most common type of anemia? What is most likely the complication of chronic ulcer with chronic slow blood loss ?

Answer 46

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 47

Chronic blood loos from duodenum leads to?

Answer 47

Microcytic & hypochromatic anemia

Question 48

What is a sign of chronic bleeding peptide ulcer?

Answer 48

Fecal occult

Question 49

What does NOT cause cancer?

Answer 49

Anthracosis | exposure to coal

Question 50

What's the most common cancer of lungs? | where is in most common on the lung?

Answer 50

Squamous cell carcinoma- center of lungs

Question 51

Patient had dysphonia, dyshagia, weight loss, and long term heavy smoker

Answer 51

Laryngeal carcinoma

Question 52

Where in the lungs does cancer arise if patients smoke cigarette?

Answer 52

Bronchiolar cells

Question 53

With HTN, the heart shows?

Answer 53

Left ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 54

All are reasons for HTN except: a. renin b. angiotensin II c. partial occlusion of renal artery d. pheochromocytoma

Answer 54

C: partial occlusion of renal artery

Question 55

Anterior of light/left ventricles have necrosis, what artery is blocked?

Answer 55

anterior intraventricular artery

Question 56

What does wollen lymph noes in the supraclavicular region (Virchow's node) indicate of?

Answer 56

Gastric cancer

Question 57

What syndrome increases risk of colic cancer?

Answer 57

Peutz-Jeghers

Question 58

Man is in the sun a lot, develops grown spot to the side of nose that is growing?

Answer 58

Lentigo maligna

Question 59

Which disease causes caseous necrosis ?

Answer 59

TB | cheese like granuloma

Question 60

A girl from africa had TB, what would not be a cause of a positive TB test?

Answer 60

Leprosy

Question 61

What do cerebral vascular accidents, parkinson's and alzheimer's have in common?

Answer 61

Dementia

Question 62

cancer in lower lip is: | cancer in upper lip is:

Answer 62

upper: basal cell carcinoma lower: squamous cell

Question 63

What causes old men to pee alot?

Answer 63

BPH

Question 64

What's the most common cause of lump/palpable mass on a women's breast?

Answer 64

Fibrocytic lesions/ changes

Question 65

What is firboadenoma?

Answer 65

Most common tumor, benign, unilateral

Question 66

What does hypothyroidism cause?

Answer 66

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 67

Metastatic calcifications & nephrolithiasis are due to?

Answer 67

Hyperthyroidism

Question 68

Adenosine deamine deficiency causes?

Answer 68

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

Question 69

What is the likely cause of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 69

Thrombophlebitis

Question 70

What's the most common endometrial cancer?

Answer 70

Leiocarcinoma

Question 71

Goiter are due to?

Answer 71

Hyperplasia

Question 72

What does hypoplasia most like?

Answer 72

Small organ development