Pathology 2

Question 1

Normal pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 1

10-14mmHg

Question 2

Pulmonary HTN artery pressure

Answer 2

> 25mmHg at rest

Question 3

Pulmonary HTN affects on the arteries

Answer 3

arteriosclerosis, medial hypertrophy, and intimal fibrosis

Question 4

Primary cause of Pulmonary HTN

Answer 4

inactivating mutation in BMPR2 gene; normally functions to inhibit vascuar smooth muscle proliferation

Question 5

Destruction of lung parenchyma

Answer 5

COPD

Question 6

Mitral stenosis effect on pulmonary arteries

Answer 6

increases resistance and pressure which leads to pHTN

Question 7

Recurrent thromboemboli in the pulmonary circulation

Answer 7

decreases cross-sectional area of polmonary vascular bed; resulting in pHTN

Question 8

left-to-right shunt

Answer 8

increases sheer stress causing endothelial injury

Question 9

Sleep apnea or living at high altitude

Answer 9

hypoxic vasoconstriction

Question 10

Course of pHTN til death

Answer 10

severe respiratory distress > cyanosis and RVH > death from decompensated cor pulmonale

Question 11

Central sleep apnea

Answer 11

No respiratory effort; cessation of breathing during sleep >10sec

Question 12

Obstruction Sleep Apnea

Answer 12

respiratory effort against airway obstruction. associated with obesity and loud snoring

Question 13

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

Answer 13

Obesity >30BMI; hypoventilation, decrease PaO2 and increase PaCO2 during waking hours

Question 14

Tx of Sleep Apnea

Answer 14

Weight loss; CPAP; Sx

Question 15

Hyperresonant Percussion

Answer 15

Spontaneous pneumothorax; Tension pneumothorax

Question 16

Trachea deviates towards side of lesion

Answer 16

Atelectasis; bronchial obstruction

Question 17

Trachea deviates away from lesion

Answer 17

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 18

bronchial breath sounds; late inspiratory crackles

Answer 18

Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema)