pathology 1.8 Cancer and Stress

Question 1

Skin Cancer

Answer 1

Most common variety of cancer

Question 2

Lung cancer

Answer 2

Leading cause of death for both men and women

Question 3

Breast cancer

Answer 3

Leading cause of death for women followed by ovarian cancer

Question 4

Prostate cancer

Answer 4

Leading cause of death for men

Question 5

Cancer

General

Answer 5

Normal body cells begin to mutate (due to external or internal irritant), and grow out of control forming tumors.

Question 6

Metastasis

General

Answer 6

The spread of tumor cells from it’s site of origin to distant sites

Question 7

Cancer

Red flags

Answer 7

Use red flags rather than signs and symptoms

Sudden changes going on in structure and function

Question 8

Red flags

List

Answer 8

Change in bowel/bladder habits
sore that does not heal
thickening or lump
fatigue, anemia
unexplained fever

Question 9

Cancer

Special precautions

Answer 9

Do not massage tumor sites

Be part of health care team for guidance

Question 10

Cancer

Treatments

Answer 10

Surgery: surgical sites, central lines (needle insert site)
Chemotherapy: lower white blood cells (immune suppressed); lower red blood cells (weak, low energy)
Radiation: burns, very fragile skin

Question 11

Lymphedema

Answer 11

Build up of fluid in the lymph nodes

NEED SPECIAL TRAINING TO MASSAGE - LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES

Question 12

Benefits of massage for cancer clients

Answer 12

Improve sleep
Increase appetite 
Relieve constipation
Improve mood
Reduce anxiety
Decrease depression
Alleviate pain

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

Disequilibrium, strain or tension in a structure, system, or organism.

Stress is the body’s reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response

Question 14

Stressor

Answer 14

A demand that causes stress
Can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, nervous, or anxious
Most common are life changes

Question 15

Eustress

Answer 15

Prepares us to meet certain challenges

POSITIVE

Question 16

Sympathetic

Answer 16

Fight, flight, or freeze

Heart rate increases, breathing increase, blood is shunted to brain and skeletal muscles,

Endocrine system responds with stress hormone cortisol, released to mobilize sugars to fuel the stress response**

PRIMARY RESPONSE TO STRESS

Question 17

Parasympathetic

Answer 17

Rest, digest, restore

Question 18

Distress

Answer 18

Harmful

NEGATIVE

Question 19

Stress response system

Answer 19

Link between the CNS and the endocrine system that allows humans to respond to both short-term and long-term stressors.

Controlled by the HPA axis, the communication between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenals.

Hypothalamus is the link between brain and endocrine system

Question 19

Stress

Signs and symptoms

Stress triad

Answer 19

Systems negatively impacted:

Weakened connective tissues
Weakened lymphatic/immune systems
GI ulcers

Question 20

How do we adapt to stressors?

4

Answer 20

Highly effective
Balanced
Strained
Stressed out/burned out

Question 21

Highly effective

Answer 21

EUSTRESS - challenged to see opportunity

Problem solver

Question 22

Balanced

Answer 22

Minimally disturbed

Able to restore and recharge

Question 23

Strained

Answer 23

Difficulty that one becomes “used to”.

Irritable, anxious, drained, forgetful, worried

Question 24

Stressed out

Answer 24

Severe difficulty coping
Impaired functioning
Physical symptoms

Question 25

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome

3 stages

Answer 25

Alarm - initial response
Resistance - intermediate response
Exhaustion - prolonged effects

Question 26

Alarm

Answer 26

Initial response

Sympathetic response - fight or flight

Question 27

Resistance

Answer 27

Restore the balance

Acute symptoms diminish

Question 28

Exhaustion

Answer 28

Resources are depleted

Disease and possible death