Pathology 1.7 respiratory & digestive disorders

Question 0

Disorder

Define

Answer 0

Any abnormality of structure or function

Question 1

Obstruction

Define

Answer 1

Blockage of airways

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

More specific term for an illness based on a specific set of signs and symptoms

Question 3

Respiratory disorders

4

Answer 3

Common cold
Influenza
Sinusitis
Tuberculosis

Question 4

Common cold

Answer 4

Viral infection, most commonly spread by contact with infected surface

S&S: upper respiratory - runny nose, sore throat, mild fever. Lasts approximately 3 days. Low fever (under 102) and short term

Question 5

Influenza

Answer 5

Viral infection usually spread by airborne contact

S&S: as a cold PLUS systemic S&S: high fever, muscle aches, chills.

Lower respiratory involvement: last approximately 10 days

Question 6

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

2

Answer 6

Chronic bronchitis - long term irritation, productive clear cough

Emphysema - irreversible destruction of the respiratory system, alveoli get stretched out

Question 7

Sinusitis

Answer 7

Mucous membranes that line the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, from allergies, infection or obstruction

S&S- establish whether acute or chronic infection

Chronic - clear drainage, no fever - OK to massage
Acute - drainage not clear, fever - need to reschedule

Question 8

Tuberculosis

Answer 8

A bacterial infection that usually begins in the lungs but may spread to the bones, kidneys or other structures

S&S- may be no initial symptoms, while walled off in tubercle. Then later in life when immune system is weakened - pathogens escape: high fever, night sweats, bloody sputum

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS AND MUST STAY ON TREATMENT

Question 9

Pneumonia

Answer 9

Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to an infectious agent

Opportunistic infection takes advantage of weak immune system

Question 10

Digestive disorders

Upper G.I. Tract

4

Answer 10

Celiac disease
Crohn’s disease
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (G.E.R.D)

Question 11

Celiac disease

Answer 11

Immune system reaction following consumption of gluten (a protein present in many grains WHEAT)

S&S- inflammation and damage to the intestional villi which leads to poor absorption and malnutrition.

Question 12

Crohn’s disease

Answer 12

Idiopathic progressive inflammatory condition anywhere in the GI tract

S&S: flare ups of abdominal pain (due to deep ulcers, blockages, and fistulas). Cramping, diarrhea, constipation and bloating

Question 13

Gastroenteritis

Answer 13

Inflammation and usually infection of the GI tract. Viral = stomach flu; bacterial = food poisoning or parasites

S&S- pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 14

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (G.E.R.D.)

Answer 14

Damage to the esophagus or esophageal sphincter from chronic exposure to acidic stomach contents

S&S- heartburn, may lead to ulcers

Question 15

Digestive disorders

Accessory organs

3

Answer 15

Cirrhosis
Pancreatitis
Peritonitis

Question 16

Cirrhosis

Answer 16

The result of a disease process ( due to alcoholism, drug abuse, hepatitis, diabetes) in which healthy liver cells are replaced with scar tissue.

S&S- vague at first, nausea, weight loss. End stage liver disease, jaundice and ascites

Question 17

Pancreatitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the pancreas

S&S- constant pain in abdomen

Question 18

Peritonitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity)

S&S - fever chills, pain, death

Question 19

Acromegaly

Answer 19

Excessive secretion of growth hormone (tumor)

S&S- hands, feet and face grow and become distorted. Joint pain, HA’s, vision problems. Can stress heart.

Massage may be indicated with caution

Question 20

Diabetes

Answer 20

Group of metabolic disorders that result in hyperglycemia or elevated levels of sugar in the blood stream. 18-20 million Americans. Increase of 600%. There is a shortage of insulin or insulin receptors on the cells. Body resorts to breaking down fats and proteins. This will cause increase in plaques which leads to atherosclerosis

S&S- increased urination, increased thirst, increased appetite.

Question 21

Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

An inadequate amount of glucose circulating in the blood.

S&S- dizziness, confusion, hunger, blurred vision

No massage until symptoms are gone

Question 22

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of it’s hormones that stimulate metabolism

S&S- goiter, restless, irritable, increased HR, bulging eyes

Massage indicated

Question 23

Hypothyroidism

Answer 23

Circulating levels of thyroid hormones are abnormally low

Most common pathological hormone deficiency

S&S- interferes with the body’s ability to convert energy from fuel, fatigue, weight gain, depression

Very insidious