Pathology 1.7 respiratory & digestive disorders Flashcards
Disorder
Define
Any abnormality of structure or function
Obstruction
Define
Blockage of airways
Disease
More specific term for an illness based on a specific set of signs and symptoms
Respiratory disorders
4
Common cold
Influenza
Sinusitis
Tuberculosis
Common cold
Viral infection, most commonly spread by contact with infected surface
S&S: upper respiratory - runny nose, sore throat, mild fever. Lasts approximately 3 days. Low fever (under 102) and short term
Influenza
Viral infection usually spread by airborne contact
S&S: as a cold PLUS systemic S&S: high fever, muscle aches, chills.
Lower respiratory involvement: last approximately 10 days
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
2
Chronic bronchitis - long term irritation, productive clear cough
Emphysema - irreversible destruction of the respiratory system, alveoli get stretched out
Sinusitis
Mucous membranes that line the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, from allergies, infection or obstruction
S&S- establish whether acute or chronic infection
Chronic - clear drainage, no fever - OK to massage
Acute - drainage not clear, fever - need to reschedule
Tuberculosis
A bacterial infection that usually begins in the lungs but may spread to the bones, kidneys or other structures
S&S- may be no initial symptoms, while walled off in tubercle. Then later in life when immune system is weakened - pathogens escape: high fever, night sweats, bloody sputum
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS AND MUST STAY ON TREATMENT
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to an infectious agent
Opportunistic infection takes advantage of weak immune system
Digestive disorders
Upper G.I. Tract
4
Celiac disease
Crohn’s disease
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (G.E.R.D)
Celiac disease
Immune system reaction following consumption of gluten (a protein present in many grains WHEAT)
S&S- inflammation and damage to the intestional villi which leads to poor absorption and malnutrition.
Crohn’s disease
Idiopathic progressive inflammatory condition anywhere in the GI tract
S&S: flare ups of abdominal pain (due to deep ulcers, blockages, and fistulas). Cramping, diarrhea, constipation and bloating
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation and usually infection of the GI tract. Viral = stomach flu; bacterial = food poisoning or parasites
S&S- pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (G.E.R.D.)
Damage to the esophagus or esophageal sphincter from chronic exposure to acidic stomach contents
S&S- heartburn, may lead to ulcers
Digestive disorders
Accessory organs
3
Cirrhosis
Pancreatitis
Peritonitis
Cirrhosis
The result of a disease process ( due to alcoholism, drug abuse, hepatitis, diabetes) in which healthy liver cells are replaced with scar tissue.
S&S- vague at first, nausea, weight loss. End stage liver disease, jaundice and ascites
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
S&S- constant pain in abdomen
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity)
S&S - fever chills, pain, death
Acromegaly
Excessive secretion of growth hormone (tumor)
S&S- hands, feet and face grow and become distorted. Joint pain, HA’s, vision problems. Can stress heart.
Massage may be indicated with caution
Diabetes
Group of metabolic disorders that result in hyperglycemia or elevated levels of sugar in the blood stream. 18-20 million Americans. Increase of 600%. There is a shortage of insulin or insulin receptors on the cells. Body resorts to breaking down fats and proteins. This will cause increase in plaques which leads to atherosclerosis
S&S- increased urination, increased thirst, increased appetite.
Hypoglycemia
An inadequate amount of glucose circulating in the blood.
S&S- dizziness, confusion, hunger, blurred vision
No massage until symptoms are gone
Hyperthyroidism
A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of it’s hormones that stimulate metabolism
S&S- goiter, restless, irritable, increased HR, bulging eyes
Massage indicated
Hypothyroidism
Circulating levels of thyroid hormones are abnormally low
Most common pathological hormone deficiency
S&S- interferes with the body’s ability to convert energy from fuel, fatigue, weight gain, depression
Very insidious
