Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
The menstrual cycle can be divided into 2 subtypes?
A
- ovarian cycle (describes changes to the ovaries)
- uterine cycle (describes changes to the uterus)
2
Q
What are the stages of the ovarian cycle?
A
- follicular phase
- ovulation phase
- luteal phase
3
Q
Explain the follicular phase?
A
- primordial follicles mature
- granulosa cells proliferate -> oestrogen and progesteerone
4
Q
If no fertilisation occurs what happens to the corpus luteum?
A
- becomes the corpus albicans
5
Q
How long does the luteal phase last?
A
- 14 days
6
Q
What are the stages of the uterine cycle?
A
- menstrual phase
- proliferative phase
- secretory phase
7
Q
Explain the proliferative phase
A
- occurs in the uterine cycle
- thickening of the stratum functionalis
- influence under oestrogen
8
Q
Explain the secretory phase?
A
- driven via progesterone
- glands become more torturous
9
Q
Indications for endometrial biopsy?
A
- abnormal uterine bleeding
- infertility
- spontaneous and therapeutic abortion
- assessment of response to hormone therapy
- high risk endometrial cancer screening
10
Q
Define menorrhagia?
A
- prolonged and increased menstrual flow
11
Q
Define metrorrhagia?
A
- regular intermenstrual bleeding
12
Q
Define polymenorrhoea?
A
- menses occurring at <21 days
13
Q
Causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
A
- Pregnancy
- miscariage
- anovulatory cycles
- endometrosis
- leiomyoma
- exogenous hormones
- neoplasia
14
Q
Define dysmenorrhoea?
A
- painful periods
15
Q
How might the endometrium be assessed
A
- transvaginal USS
- hysteroscopy
- endometrial pipette biopsy
- dilation and curettage
