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Reproduction > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does oogenesis occur?

A
  • the ovaries

- production of oocyte (gametes)

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2
Q

Explain the histological appearance of the ovaries?

A
  • outer cortex (formed of follicles and connective tissue) [outer layer germinal epithelium, inner = tunica albuginea]
  • inner medulla
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3
Q

What lies deeper on the surface of the ovary, the tunica albuginea or the germinal epithelium

A
  • tunica albuginea deeper

- germinal epithelium more superficial

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4
Q

Define oogenesis?

A
  • development of oocyte from oogonia
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5
Q

Define folliculogenesis?

A
  • growth and development of follicle

- supports the oocyte

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6
Q

Define atresia?

A
  • the process of apoptosis leading to loss of oogonia and oocyte
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7
Q

What is meiosis?

A
  • formation of haploid gamete cells
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8
Q

At which stage of meiosis is follicular development first halted at?

A
  • prophase 1

- may be dormant for decades

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9
Q

What are the processes of follicular development

A
  • follicule halted at prophase 1 (primordial follicles)
  • further development = multiplication
  • antrum formation
  • secondary follicle formation
  • mature graafian folicle
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10
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A
  • cuboidal granulosa cells (zona granulosa)
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11
Q

What changes occur between primary follicular cell and mature Graafian follicle?

A
  • stromal cell association - theca interna and theca externa

- antral enlargement

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12
Q

What is the role of the theca interna?

A
  • endocrine

- oestrogens and progesterones

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13
Q

what occurs 1 day before ovulation?

A
  • completion of meiosis 1

- production of secondary oocyte and tiny polar body?

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14
Q

what is a tiny polar body?

A
  • formed during meiosis

- rather than 2 equal size cells, one is larger than the other

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15
Q

When does meiosis finally completed?

A
  • after ovulation and fertilisation

- 2nd tiny polar body formed

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16
Q

What is follicular stigma?

A
  • when the largest follicle presses against the ovary wall for ovulation
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17
Q

Post ovulation the follicle becomes known as?

A
  • corpous luteum
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18
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilisation does not occur?

A
  • corpus albicans
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19
Q

What occurs to the corpus luteum is implantation occurs?

A
  • HCG secretion

- prevents degradation of corpus luteum

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20
Q

Where does fertilisation normally occur?

A
  • ampulla of uterine tube
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21
Q

Histological appearance of the ampulla?

A
  • mucosa highly folded with simple columnar epithelium, ciliated cells and secretory cells
  • surrounded by smooth muscle
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22
Q

3 layers of the uterus?

A
  • endometrium
  • myometrium
  • perimetrium
23
Q

endometrium can be divided into 2 layers?

A
  • stratum functionalis

- stratum basalis

24
Q

Role of stratum functionalis?

A
  • inner layer of endometrium

- monthly growth and degeneration

25
Q

role of stratum basalis

A
  • endometrium reserve

- reconstruction of stratum functionalis during proliferative stage

26
Q

What occurs to the stratum functionalis during mensturation?

A
  • arteriole constriction
  • tissue iscahemia
  • tissue breakdown
27
Q

What lines the vaginal end of the cervix?

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
28
Q

What is the transition zone of the cervix?

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium

- mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

29
Q

What is a nabothian cyst

A
  • blockage of the endocervical glands
30
Q

4 layers of the vagina?

A
  • non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • fibromuscular layer
  • adventitia
31
Q

histology of the labia major?

A
  • hair follicles

- apocrine and sebaceous glands

32
Q

Histology go the labia minora?

A
  • skin folds

- rich in vasculature

33
Q

Cell type up to the hymen and then what does it change to?

A
  • keratinised epithelium to hymen

- change to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

What covers the clitoris

A
  • fibrocollagenous sheath
35
Q

The breast lies anterior to the ____-

A
  • pectoralis muscle
36
Q

What is the breast composed of?

A
  • lobules
  • ducts
  • connective tissue
  • fat
37
Q

What are the suspensory ligaments of the breast?

A
  • fibrous connective tissue anchored tot deep fascia then to dermis of the skin
  • thicker in superior portion
38
Q

What is the basic functional secretory unit of the breast

A
  • the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)
39
Q

Explain the route from the terminal ductules?

A
  • terminal ductules -> intralobular duct -> lactiferous duct -> lactiferous sinus -> breast
40
Q

Why is the lobules of the breast surrounded with loose connective tissue?

A
  • to allow for expansion during pregnancy
41
Q

what cell type lines the acini?

A
  • secretory epithelium

- varies from cuboidal to columnar

42
Q

Secretory cells in the breast are surrounded by what?

A
  • myopethielial cells

- contractile

43
Q

Explain the histology of the nipple?

A
  • wrinkled surface covered by a thin highly pigmented keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  • dense irregular connective tissue core and smooth muscle bundles
44
Q

Why does the nipple contain sebaceous glands

A
  • no hair cells present but sebaceous glands present

- allow for lubrication and protection

45
Q

Composition of breast milk?

A
  • 88% water
  • 1.5% protein
  • 7% carbohydrates
  • 3.5% lipids
46
Q

Mammary gland changes during menstruation

A
  • during the luteal phase epithelial cells increase in height
  • lumina of ducts enlarge
  • small amounts of secretions in ducts
47
Q

Explain mammary gland changes in pregnancy?

A
  • 1st trimester = elongation and branching of ducts. proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells
  • 2nd trimester = glandular tissue development and secretory alveoli
  • 3rd trimester = maturation
48
Q

Oestrogen and progesterone effect on mammary glands

A
  • proliferation of secretory tissue and fibrofatty tissue becomes sparse
49
Q

Two types of secretion in the breast?

A
  • apocrine (lipids)

- merocrine (proteins_

50
Q

explain apocrine secretion in the breast

A
  • lipids released with small amounts of cytoplasm
51
Q

explain merocrine secretion

A
  • protein in milk are made in rER
  • Secreted via vesicles at apical membrane
  • only contents released
  • aka. exocytosis
52
Q

Changes to the mammary glands following the menopause

A
  • secretory TDLUs degenerate

- reduction in fat

53
Q

Arterial supply to the breast

A
  • lateral mammary artery (lateral thoracic)

- medial mmamary artery (internal thoracic)

54
Q

Venous drainage of the breast

A
  • medial mammary vein (internal thoracic)

- lateral mammary vein (lateral thoracic vein)

Reproduction (25 decks)

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