Pathologies - Shoulder & Elbow

Question 1

A presentation of this pathology is clear crops of vesicles along the course of a cutaneous nerve.

Answer 1

Herpes Zoster aka Shingles

Question 2

This pathology involves the upper brachial plexus (C5-C6) and is caused from a forceful depression of the shoulder during birth.

Answer 2

Erb’s Palsy aka Erb-Duchenne Paralysis

Question 3

A common nick name or aka for Erb’s Palsy

Answer 3

“Waiter’s Tip” position of the arm

Question 4

T or F

Nerve pain is not associated with Herpes Zoster

Answer 4

False!

Severe neuralgic pain

Question 5

T or F

Erb’s Palsy involves the lower brachial plexus

Answer 5

False!

Upper

Question 6

Describe the arm and hand position of someone with Erb’s Palsy

Answer 6

Arm internally rotated and adducted

Question 7

T or F

Erb’s Palsy is a result of forceful elevation of the shoulder during birth.

Answer 7

False

Depression of shoulder!

Question 8

What shoulder complex pathology involves the lower brachial plexus?

Answer 8

Klumpke’s Palsy

Question 9

MOI for Klumpke’s Palsy

Answer 9

Stretching or tearing inferior part of the brachial plexus as a result of forceful pulling of the upper arm during birth

Question 10

Klumpke’s Palsy involves impairment of what motions of the wrist?

Answer 10

Wrist flexion and movements of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.

Question 11

Aka for Scheuermann’s Disease

Answer 11

Juvenile Kyphosis

Question 12

How many vertebrae must be wedged anteriorly to form the kyphosis in Scheuermann’s Disease?

Answer 12

3 Continuous wedged anteriorly more than 5 degrees

Question 13

What are the Characteristic radiographic findings of a young person with Scheuermann’s Disease

Answer 13

Anterior vertebrae wedging
Irregular Vertebral end plates
Loss of intervertebral disc height.

Question 14

Describe Sprengel’s Deformity

Answer 14

• congenital abnormality
• partially undescended scapula
• develops prior to the 3rd month of skeletal development

Question 15

T or F

Sprengel’s Deformity has a 2:1 female predominance

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T or F

Some 60-80% of cases of scoliosis occur in females

Answer 16

True

Question 17

aka for Costochondritis

Answer 17

Tietze’s Syndrome

Question 18

T or F

Costochondritis is visible on films

Answer 18

False!

X-ray findings are lacking

Question 19

Describe the adhesive process of Frozen Shoulder

Answer 19

An inflammation of the synovial layers causing an outpouring section of exudate, which contains proteins. The microscopic fibres attach to adjacent synovial layers which, then multiply, thicken and shorten

Question 20

T or F

Scapular Winging is due to paralysis of the rhomboids

Answer 20

False!

Serratus Anterior

Question 21

What nerve is affected in Scapular Winging?

Answer 21

Long Thoracic Nerve

Question 22

What is Little Leaguer’s Elbow?

Answer 22

Avulsion of the medial epicondyle

Usually found in a child or adolescent and is usually associated with sports requiring strong throwing motions.

Question 23

This condition is a fracture of the ulna near the junction of its proximal and middle thirds associated with a dislocation of the radial head.

Answer 23

Monteggia Fracture

Question 24

Describe the Type 1 Monteggia Fracture

Answer 24

The radial head is dislocated anteriorly, with palmar angulation of the fractured shaft of the ulna

Question 25

T or F

A pulled elbow results due to the ulna slipping out from under the medial collateral ligament

Answer 25

FALSE!!
Pulled Elbow = a lesion due to the RADIAL head slipping out from under the annular ligament, trapping the ligament in the radiohumeral articulation

Question 26

How does a patient usually present when they are suffering from Olecranon Bursitis

Answer 26

With elbow held in semi-flexion position

Question 27

How does one develop Olecranon Bursitis?

Answer 27

A fall on the tip of the elbow or direct blow to the olecranon can cause swelling.

Question 28

OA and DJD are primarily disorders of…

Answer 28

Hyaline cartilage and subcondral bone

Question 29

T or F

Women are affected by OA an DJD more than men

Answer 29

False!

Both equal