Cervical - Lecture Flashcards
How many joints in the cervical spine?
37
What angle do the cervical facets lie?
45 degrees
Hyoid is opposite what vbody?
C3
What level does the Thyroid cartilage lie?
C4/C5
What boney structure lies at C6?
1st Cricoid Ring
What bony pathology can impair a person’s ability to swallow?
Osteophytes
T or F
The Z joints are typical synovial joints with hyaline cartilage
True
The uncovertebral joints extend from where to where?
C3-T1
T or F
Uncovertebral joints are diarthrodial articulations
True
What did Clausen et al. research on the cervical spine joints and their associated motions find the main function of the uncinate processes to be?
Effective at reducing motion coupling and primary cervical motion
Where is the most common area for pathology in C-Spine
C5/C6
Functionally the cervicothoracic junction includes what structures?
C7 vertbera
T1 & T2
Ribs 1 and 2
Manubrium
T or F
The Cervicothoracic junction forms the Thoracic Outlet
True
Is the PLL or ALL more susceptible to injury and pain
PLL
T or F
Proprioception of the Trapezius comes fro C2-C3
False
C3-C4
T or F
The Anterior Scalene insertion is the second rib
False
1st
What scalene attaches to the 2nd rib
Posterior
T or F
Posterior Scalene innervation is from C3-C8
False
C6-C8
T or F
The superior portion of trapezius is often stretched in hyper-extension injury of the cervical spine
False
Hyper-flexion
What ligament is involved in hyperextension of the neck during an CAD injury
ALL
What is the largest muscle in the anterior neck. What are its proximal and distal attachments
SCM
Mastoid
Posterior aspect of the medial 1/3 of clavicle and the manubrium
T or F
Proprioception of the SCM is provided by C2 C3 dorsal primary rami
False
VPR
Wry Neck aka ?
Torticollis
T or F
Torticollis is often associated with injury to the Scalenes on one side at the time of birth during a difficult delivery
False
SCM not scalenes
Describe the head position in Torticollis
SCM muscle contraction causes rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck to the same side.
What is the function of the Levator Scapulae with the scapula stabilized?
Produces rotation and side bending of the neck to the same side; while acting bilaterally cervical extension is produced
Where is the origin of the Levator Scapulae?
TP’s of C1-C4
The Rhomboid minor arises from where?
The spinous processes of C7 & T1
The Rhomboid Major arises from where?
SP’s of T1-T5
T or F
Clay Shoveler’s Fracture is a type of hyperextension avulsion injury
False
Hyperflexion
Symptoms of TOS include:
Tingling or numbness in the fingers, hands, arm, shoulder or neck
Weakness of the hand or arm
Aching in the shoulder or neck
Worsened when the arm is lifted above shoulder height
T or F
In the cervical spine the disc is named for the vertebra below
False
Above
The 1st cervical disc is between ___ and ___ and is named ____ disc
C2, C3
C2
Where does the first nerve root exit in the cervical spine
Between Co and C1
The last nerve root exits between __ and __ and is named ___ nerve root
C7, T1
C8
The biceps reflex primarily indicates neurological integrity of what nerve root?
C5
**it also has a slight C6 component
What dermatome supplies sensation to the lateral arm?
C5
When assessing sensations do you start on the side that is affected or the opposite?
Opposite
C6 muscle testing is assessing what muscles? What nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis longus & Brevis
Extensor Ulnaris
Radial Nerve
What is the reflex for C6 nerve root?
Brachioradialis
Flexor Carpi radialis is innervated by what nerve?
Median
What motions are you testing with the C& muscle testing
Elbow Extension
Wrist Flexion
Finger Extension
The Triceps reflex is done with what nerve root?
C7
The muscles tested during finger flexion and the C8 nerve root are?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Lumbricals
C8 dermatome supplies where?
The 4th and 5th digit, the ulnar side of the hand and the distal portion of the ulna.
T or F
Segmental side bending is extension of the ipsilateral joint and flexion of the contralateral joint
True
How does the inferior articular process glide on the superior during extension
Inferior, medial and posterior
Jefferson Fracture aka?
Burst
How does a Jefferson Fracture occur?
With axial load or vertebral compression
What is a classical MOI for Hangman’s Fracture
Blow on the forehead forcing the neck into extension
50% of flexion and extension occur between what cervical segments?
C0 & C1
Where does most of the rotation occur in the Cspine
C1 & C2
What is Klippel-Feil Deformity?
The bodies of 2 or more vertebrae are fused together
