Knee

Question 0

Bounce home test

Answer 0

Positive: knee does not go into full extension [Slight flexion remains]

Question 1

Lateral collateral ligament test a.k.a. stress test a.k.a. varus stress test

Answer 1

Positive: gapping and or elicited pain above at or below joint line

Indicates: torn lateral collateral ligament

Question 2

Drawer test

Answer 2

Positive:

1. Gapping > 6 mm [tibia moves posterior] when the leg is pushed
2. Gapping > 6mm [Tibia moves anterior] when the leg is pulled

Indicates:

1. Torn posterior cruciate ligament
2. Torn anterior cruciate ligament

Question 3

Lachman Test

Answer 3

Positive: gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur

Indicates: anterior cruciate ligament or posterior oblique ligament instability

Question 4

Apprehension test for the patella

Answer 4

Positive: apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line

Indicates: chronic patella dislocation or predisposition to dislocation

Question 5

Patella femoral grinding test [a.k.a. Clark sign]

Answer 5

Positive: retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction

Indicates: degenerative changes of the patellar facet and or within the trochlear groove (Chondromalacia patella)

Question 6

Patella Ballottment Test

Answer 6

Positive: a floating sensation of the patella

Indicates: a large amount of swelling in the knee

Question 7

Apley Compression Test

Answer 7

Positive: patient points to side of pain

Indicates: pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear

Question 8

Apley Distraction Test

Answer 8

Positive: patient will point to side of pain

Indicates: pain on the medial side indicates medial collateral ligament tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral collateral ligament tear

Question 9

ROM

Answer 9

Flexion = 135°
Extension = 0
Internal rotation
External rotation

Question 10

McMurray sign

Answer 10

Positive: clicking sound or pain by knee joint

Indicates:
Tear of the medial meniscus is positive on external rotation
Tear of lateral meniscus is positive on internal rotation
The higher the leg is raised during extension when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury

Question 11

Medial collateral ligament test a.k.a. abduction stress test a.k.a. Valgus stress test

Answer 11

Positive: gapping and or elicited pain above or below joint line

Indicates: torn medial collateral ligament