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Ortho Dx > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aka for the Sagittal Plane?

A

Anterior-posterior or median plane

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2
Q

What are the aka’s for the Frontal Plane?

A

Lateral or coronal plane

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3
Q

T or F

The axis around which the movement takes places is always parallel to the plane in which it occurs

A

False

Perpendicular

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4
Q

The frontal axis is perpendicular to what plane?

A

Sagittal

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5
Q

The sagittal axis is perpendicular to what plane?

A

Frontal

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6
Q

What axis is perpendicular to the transverse plane?

A

The Longitudinal aka vertical axis

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7
Q

Flexion, extension and hyperextension, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur in what plane and around what axis?

A

Sagittal plane around a frontal-horizontal axis

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8
Q

what movements occur in the frontal plane around a sagittal-horizontal axis?

A 
Abduction 
Adduction
Side flexion of the trunk
Elevation & depression of shoulder girdle 
Radial/ulnar deviation of wrist
Eversion and inversion of foot
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9
Q

Rotation of head, neck and trunk; internal rotation/external rotation of the arm or leg; horizontal adduction/abduction of the arm or thigh and pronation/supination of the forearm occur in what plane around what axis?

A

Transverse plane around the longitudinal axis

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10
Q

Circumduction is a combination of?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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11
Q

What are the two major types of motion involved in kinematics?

A

Osteokinematic

Arthrokinematic

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12
Q

When does osteokinematic motion occur?

A

when any object forms the radius of an imaginary circle about a fixed point

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13
Q

Direction of movement for Arthrokinematic motion is baed on what?

A

The shape of the joint surfaces

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14
Q

A combination of concave and convex shapes is known as?

A

Sellar

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15
Q

Which of the follow is not a movement that occurs at the articulation surfaces of joints:

Roll
Translation
Slide
Spin

A

Translation

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16
Q

T or F

Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions are indirectly related to each other

A

False!

Directly proportional and cannot occur completely without the other.

17
Q

What is known as the number of independent modes of motion at a joint

A

Degrees of Freedom

18
Q

A joint that can spin and swing in one way only or it can swing in two completely distinct ways is known as

A

2 degrees of freedom

19
Q

Give an example of a joint with only 1 DOF

A

PIP

20
Q

What is 3 DOF?

A

When a joint can spine and also swing in two distinct directions such as the Glenohumeral joint

21
Q

What is closed-packed position of the joint

A
  • The position of maximum congruity of the opposing joint surfaces.
  • The end of travel in a joint whereby the surfaces are at a max congruency, the ligaments are taught, and further movement in that direction of travel may result in dislocation or fracture
22
Q

Movement towards the close-packed position of a joint involves an element of joint ___________.

A

Compression (approximation)

23
Q

Does closed-packed position give a joint more or less stability.

A

It is a position of maximal joint stability

24
Q

What is known as the position of least joint congruity?

A

Open packed position

25
Q

T or F

Movement away from the close-packed position involve an element of joint distraction (separation)

A

True

26
Q

What is the position of least joint stability for the elbow?

A

70 degrees flexion and 10 degrees supination

27
Q

Extreme movement in the open-packed position usually results in?

A

Sprain/strain

28
Q

What are the factors of joint integrity?

A

Elastic energy
Passive stiffness
Muscle activation

29
Q

What is meant by muscle activation?

A

The correct synergistic and antagonistic balance both in timing and strength or the muscle.

30
Q

Give examples of external forces

A

Ground reaction force
Friction
Gravity

31
Q

Internal forces = ?

A

Muscle contraction, joint contact, and joint shear forces

32
Q

The capacity of tissue to withstand stress is dependent on a number of factors such as…

A

Age
The proteoglycan & collagen content in tissue
That ability of the tissue to undergo adaptive change
The speed at which the adaptive change must occur

33
Q

Define inertia

A

The resistance to action or to change

34
Q

What is force?

A

A vector quantity with magnitude, direction and point of application to a body

35
Q

What is stress?

A

The force per unit area that occurs on the cross section of a structure in response to an externally applied load.

36
Q

The deformation that occurs within a structure in response to externally applied loads is known as?

A

Strain

37
Q

Define Hysteresis

A

The difference in the behaviour of a tissue when it is being loaded versus unloaded

Ortho Dx (17 decks)

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