General Knowledge Flashcards
What is the aka for the Sagittal Plane?
Anterior-posterior or median plane
What are the aka’s for the Frontal Plane?
Lateral or coronal plane
T or F
The axis around which the movement takes places is always parallel to the plane in which it occurs
False
Perpendicular
The frontal axis is perpendicular to what plane?
Sagittal
The sagittal axis is perpendicular to what plane?
Frontal
What axis is perpendicular to the transverse plane?
The Longitudinal aka vertical axis
Flexion, extension and hyperextension, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur in what plane and around what axis?
Sagittal plane around a frontal-horizontal axis
what movements occur in the frontal plane around a sagittal-horizontal axis?
Abduction Adduction Side flexion of the trunk Elevation & depression of shoulder girdle Radial/ulnar deviation of wrist Eversion and inversion of foot
Rotation of head, neck and trunk; internal rotation/external rotation of the arm or leg; horizontal adduction/abduction of the arm or thigh and pronation/supination of the forearm occur in what plane around what axis?
Transverse plane around the longitudinal axis
Circumduction is a combination of?
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
What are the two major types of motion involved in kinematics?
Osteokinematic
Arthrokinematic
When does osteokinematic motion occur?
when any object forms the radius of an imaginary circle about a fixed point
Direction of movement for Arthrokinematic motion is baed on what?
The shape of the joint surfaces
A combination of concave and convex shapes is known as?
Sellar
Which of the follow is not a movement that occurs at the articulation surfaces of joints:
Roll
Translation
Slide
Spin
Translation
T or F
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions are indirectly related to each other
False!
Directly proportional and cannot occur completely without the other.
What is known as the number of independent modes of motion at a joint
Degrees of Freedom
A joint that can spin and swing in one way only or it can swing in two completely distinct ways is known as
2 degrees of freedom
Give an example of a joint with only 1 DOF
PIP
What is 3 DOF?
When a joint can spine and also swing in two distinct directions such as the Glenohumeral joint
What is closed-packed position of the joint
- The position of maximum congruity of the opposing joint surfaces.
- The end of travel in a joint whereby the surfaces are at a max congruency, the ligaments are taught, and further movement in that direction of travel may result in dislocation or fracture
Movement towards the close-packed position of a joint involves an element of joint ___________.
Compression (approximation)
Does closed-packed position give a joint more or less stability.
It is a position of maximal joint stability
What is known as the position of least joint congruity?
Open packed position
T or F
Movement away from the close-packed position involve an element of joint distraction (separation)
True
What is the position of least joint stability for the elbow?
70 degrees flexion and 10 degrees supination
Extreme movement in the open-packed position usually results in?
Sprain/strain
What are the factors of joint integrity?
Elastic energy
Passive stiffness
Muscle activation
What is meant by muscle activation?
The correct synergistic and antagonistic balance both in timing and strength or the muscle.
Give examples of external forces
Ground reaction force
Friction
Gravity
Internal forces = ?
Muscle contraction, joint contact, and joint shear forces
The capacity of tissue to withstand stress is dependent on a number of factors such as…
Age
The proteoglycan & collagen content in tissue
That ability of the tissue to undergo adaptive change
The speed at which the adaptive change must occur
Define inertia
The resistance to action or to change
What is force?
A vector quantity with magnitude, direction and point of application to a body
What is stress?
The force per unit area that occurs on the cross section of a structure in response to an externally applied load.
The deformation that occurs within a structure in response to externally applied loads is known as?
Strain
Define Hysteresis
The difference in the behaviour of a tissue when it is being loaded versus unloaded
