Pathogens and Host

Question 1

Clinical infection can be characterised by what signs and symptoms?

Answer 1

Inflammation

Pain

Pyrexia (fever)

Tachycardia (faster heart beat than normal)

Rigors (feeling of cold with shivering)

Increase in white blood cell count

Increased C reactive proteins (CRP) (substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation)

Question 2

State what is meant by a subclinical infection

Answer 2

An infection that is asymptomatic

Question 3

State what is meant by a latent infection

Answer 3

The pathogen is dormant within a cell

Question 4

State what is meant by the term ‘pathogen’

Answer 4

An organism which can cause disease

Question 5

State what is meant by the term ‘commensal’

Answer 5

An organism which is part of normal flora

Question 6

Give examples of Koch’s Postulates to test whether an organism can cause disease

Answer 6

• The organism must be found in all cases of the disease
• The organism is able to be cultured outside the body for several generations
• The organism should reproduce the disease on inoculation

Question 7

Describe the types of vaccines available for active immunisation.

Answer 7

Vaccination is an example of artificial immunisation.
This includes:

Live attenuated vaccine

Killed inactivated vaccine

Toxoid (modified toxin)

Question 8

Describe live attenuated vaccines

Answer 8

…

Question 9

Describe killed inactivated vaccines

Answer 9

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Question 10

Describe toxoid (modified toxin)

Answer 10

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Question 11

State what is meant by the term ‘colonisation’

Answer 11

Germs are in your body but do not make you sick.