Last minute Flashcards

1
Q

Function of penicillin binding proteins

A

To synthesise peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Bacterial typing:

A

To identify bacterial strains

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3
Q

Neurological virus:

A
  • Enterovirus

- HSV

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4
Q

Tumour virus:

A
  • Retrovirus

- Papillomavirus

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5
Q

2 examples of ascomycetes:

A
  • Candida spp.

- Aspergillus spp.

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen:

A

Infect immunocompromised patients

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7
Q

Non-fatal diseases caused by fungi:

A
  • Athlete’s foot
  • Thrush
  • Pityriasis Versicolor
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8
Q

Pasasites. Amoebic Dysentery:

A
  • Infection of the intestine
  • Protozoal infection - Entamoeba histolytica
  • Diarrhoea with blood/pus
  • Detection: Cysts in the stool
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9
Q

Fungi: Causative agents of Dermatophytosis:

A
  • Microsporum
  • Epidermophyton
  • Trichophyton
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10
Q

Parasites: Flukes?

A

Helminth trematode flatworms

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11
Q

3 examples of protozoa infection:

A
  • Malaria (most common)
  • Amoebic dysentery
  • Leishmaniasis
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12
Q

2 examples of nematode helminths

A
  • Enterobiasis (pinworm)

- Ascaris Lumbricoides

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13
Q

CD4 T helper cell 1:

A

Activates macrophages to carry out phagocytosis

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14
Q

CD4 T helper cell 2:

A

Produces memory B cells

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15
Q

CD8 T cells:

A

Cytotoxic T cells that kill infected host cells through granule release or by forming MACs (membrane attack complexes

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16
Q

Role of prostaglandins in acute inflammation:

A

Cause pain sensation, promotes histamine effects

17
Q

Leukotreines:

A

Constrict smooth muscle

18
Q

Half life of a drug depends on:

A
  • Volume of distribution

- Rate of clearance

19
Q

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP3A4

A

Found in the human liver and metabolises a wide range of drugs e.g. diazepam, methadone and simvastatin

20
Q

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP2D6

A

Metabolises antidepressants, antipsychotics and converts codeine to morphine
Reduced/absent expression in 5-10% people
Some induction by smoking

21
Q

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP1A2

A

Induced by smoking and important in the metabolism of theophylline

22
Q

Main route of drug conjugation:

A

Glucuronidation