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Question 1

Function of penicillin binding proteins

Answer 1

To synthesise peptidoglycan

Question 2

Bacterial typing:

Answer 2

To identify bacterial strains

Question 3

Neurological virus:

Answer 3

• Enterovirus

- HSV

Question 4

Tumour virus:

Answer 4

• Retrovirus

- Papillomavirus

Question 5

2 examples of ascomycetes:

Answer 5

• Candida spp.

- Aspergillus spp.

Question 6

Opportunistic pathogen:

Answer 6

Infect immunocompromised patients

Question 7

Non-fatal diseases caused by fungi:

Answer 7

• Athlete’s foot
• Thrush
• Pityriasis Versicolor

Question 8

Pasasites. Amoebic Dysentery:

Answer 8

• Infection of the intestine
• Protozoal infection - Entamoeba histolytica
• Diarrhoea with blood/pus
• Detection: Cysts in the stool

Question 9

Fungi: Causative agents of Dermatophytosis:

Answer 9

• Microsporum
• Epidermophyton
• Trichophyton

Question 10

Parasites: Flukes?

Answer 10

Helminth trematode flatworms

Question 11

3 examples of protozoa infection:

Answer 11

• Malaria (most common)
• Amoebic dysentery
• Leishmaniasis

Question 12

2 examples of nematode helminths

Answer 12

• Enterobiasis (pinworm)

- Ascaris Lumbricoides

Question 13

CD4 T helper cell 1:

Answer 13

Activates macrophages to carry out phagocytosis

Question 14

CD4 T helper cell 2:

Answer 14

Produces memory B cells

Question 15

CD8 T cells:

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T cells that kill infected host cells through granule release or by forming MACs (membrane attack complexes

Question 16

Role of prostaglandins in acute inflammation:

Answer 16

Cause pain sensation, promotes histamine effects

Question 17

Leukotreines:

Answer 17

Constrict smooth muscle

Question 18

Half life of a drug depends on:

Answer 18

• Volume of distribution

- Rate of clearance

Question 19

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP3A4

Answer 19

Found in the human liver and metabolises a wide range of drugs e.g. diazepam, methadone and simvastatin

Question 20

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP2D6

Answer 20

Metabolises antidepressants, antipsychotics and converts codeine to morphine
Reduced/absent expression in 5-10% people
Some induction by smoking

Question 21

Cytochrome P450 enzymes:

CYP1A2

Answer 21

Induced by smoking and important in the metabolism of theophylline

Question 22

Main route of drug conjugation:

Answer 22

Glucuronidation